The catecholaminergic system of an annelid (Ophryotrocha puerilis, Polychaeta)

Schlawny, A.; Hamann, Thomas; Müller, Michael; Pfannenstiel, H. D.

doi:10.1007/bf00318152

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…2009). In annelids, dopaminergic and serotonergic systems have been found in several species (Grothe et al 1987; Dietzel and Gottmann 1988; Schlawny et al. 1991; Spörhase-Eichmann et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delegating Sex: Differential Gene Expression in Stolonizing Syllids Uncovers the Hormonal Control of Reproduction

Álvarez‐Campos

Kenny

Verdes

et al. 2018

Genome Biology and Evolution

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Stolonization in syllid annelids is a unique mode of reproduction among animals. During the breeding season, a structure resembling the adult but containing only gametes, called stolon, is formed generally at the posterior end of the animal. When stolons mature, they detach from the adult and gametes are released into the water column. The process is synchronized within each species, and it has been reported to be under environmental and endogenous control, probably via endocrine regulation. To further understand reproduction in syllids and to elucidate the molecular toolkit underlying stolonization, we generated Illumina RNA-seq data from different tissues of reproductive and nonreproductive individuals of Syllis magdalena and characterized gene expression during the stolonization process. Several genes involved in gametogenesis (ovochymase, vitellogenin, testis-specific serine/threonine-kinase), immune response (complement receptor 2), neuronal development (tyrosine-protein kinase Src42A), cell proliferation (alpha-1D adrenergic receptor), and steroid metabolism (hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2) were found differentially expressed in the different tissues and conditions analyzed. In addition, our findings suggest that several neurohormones, such as methyl farnesoate, dopamine, and serotonin, might trigger stolon formation, the correct maturation of gametes and the detachment of stolons when gametogenesis ends. The process seems to be under circadian control, as indicated by the expression patterns of r-opsins. Overall, our results shed light into the genes that orchestrate the onset of gamete formation and improve our understanding of how some hormones, previously reported to be involved in reproduction and metamorphosis processes in other invertebrates, seem to also regulate reproduction via stolonization.

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“…2009). In annelids, dopaminergic and serotonergic systems have been found in several species (Grothe et al 1987; Dietzel and Gottmann 1988; Schlawny et al. 1991; Spörhase-Eichmann et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delegating Sex: Differential Gene Expression in Stolonizing Syllids Uncovers the Hormonal Control of Reproduction

Álvarez‐Campos

Kenny

Verdes

et al. 2018

Genome Biology and Evolution

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“…In annelids the innervation of the pygidium has only been poorly studied. In species bearing pygidial appendages there have been serotonin-lir and FMRFamide-lir somata reported [ 86 – 88 ], while in the orbiniid Nainereis, that lacks pygidial appendages, mostly FMRFamide-lir somata are present (Victor Starunov, personal communication). In G. oculata the pattern of the pygidial neurites is congruent with annelids that lack pygidial appendages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural architecture of Galathowenia oculata Zach, 1923 (Oweniidae, Annelida)

et al. 2016

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BackgroundOweniids are marine tubeworms burrowing in muddy sediments that in current phylogenies form an early branching lineage within Annelida. Little is known about their general morphology, in particular the nervous system. Here we provide an immunocytochemical investigation of the nervous system of Galathowenia oculata in order to discuss putative ancestral neuronal features in Oweniidae.ResultsAdult Galathowenia oculata have neither a supraesophageal ganglion nor ganglia associated with the ventral nerve cord. Instead, there is a dorsal brain commissure in the head collar that is engulfed by a cellular cortex. Accordingly, we herein term this neural structure “medullary brain commissure”. The anterior margin of the head collar exhibits numerous neurites that emerge from the brain commissure. The dorsolateral folds are innervated by the ventrolateral neurite bundles extending from the circumesophageal connectives. In the anterior uniramous and biramous segments immunoreactive somata are distributed evenly along the ventral nerve cord and arranged metamerically in the posterior-most short segments. One dorsal and two pairs of lateral neurite bundles extend longitudinally along the body. Numerous serially arranged circular neurite bundles were labeled in anteriormost long segments. Metameric arrangement of the circular neurite bundles stained against FMRFamide and acetylated α-tubulin is revealed in posterior short segments. For the first time immunoreactive somata arranged in clusters are reported within the pygidium in oweniids.ConclusionsDue to the lack of head appendages and a sedentary mode of life, G. oculata exhibits a single dorsal commissure (versus a brain with four commissures in most annelids). A “medullary brain commissure” is known so far only in Oweniidae and Echiura. Lack of ganglia and metamery in the ventral nerve cord of the anteriormost segments might be the result of the elongation of these segments. In the short posterior segments the metamery of immunoreactive somata and circular neurite bundles is conserved. We hypothesize that the unpaired ventral nerve cord in adult oweniids might be a result of an initially paired ventral nerve cord that fuses during development, a condition not uncommon within Annelida.

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“…In addition, both hormones have been reported to be involved in larval metamorphosis in cnidarians, molluscs, and echinoderms (Couper and Leise 1996;McCauley 1997;Matsuura et al 2009). In annelids, dopaminergic and serotonergic systems have been found in several species (Grothe et al 1987;Dietzel and Gottmann 1988;Schlawny et al 1991;Spörhase-Eichmann et al 1998;Krajniak and Klohr 1999;Zaccardi et al 2004;Lawrence and Soame 2009;Helm et al 2014;Rimskaya-Korsakova et al 2016;Verasztó et al 2017;Bauknecht and Jékely 2017). However, the participation of DA and SER in annelid reproduction has only been demonstrated in a handful of studies.…”

Section: Hormonal Control Of Stolonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the participation of DA and SER in annelid reproduction has only been demonstrated in a handful of studies. Although it was thought that DA played an important role in sexual differentiation in Ophryotrocha puerilis (Grothe et al 1987;Pfannenstiel and Spiehl 1987;Grothe and Pfannenstiel 1986), it was later demonstrated that the catecholaminergic system of this species was involved in mechano-and/or chemoreception (Schlawny et al 1991). In contrast, both SER and DA in nereids seem to have a positive effect on oocyte development, the first by directly inducing their maturation and the second by switching off the action of the juvenile hormone (Lawrence and Soame 2009).…”

Section: Hormonal Control Of Stolonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delegating sex: differential gene expression in stolonizing syllids uncovers the hormonal control of reproduction in Annelida

Álvarez‐Campos

Kenny

Verdes

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Stolonization in syllid annelids is a unique mode of reproduction among animals. During the breeding season, a structure resembling the adult but containing only gametes, called stolon, is formed at the posterior end of the animal. When the stolons mature, they detach from the adult and the gametes are released into the water column. The process is synchronized within each species, and it has been reported to be under environmental and endogenous control, probably via endocrine regulation. To further understand the reproduction in syllids and to elucidate the molecular toolkit underlying stolonization, we generated Illumina RNA-seq data from different tissues of reproductive and non-reproductive individuals of Syllis magdalena, and characterized gene expression during the stolonization process. Several genes involved in gametogenesis (ovochymase, vitellogenin, testis-specific serine/threonine-kinase), immune response (complement receptor 2), neuronal development (tyrosine-protein kinase Src42A), cell proliferation (alpha-1D adrenergic receptor), and steroid metabolism (hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2) were found differentially expressed in the different tissues and conditions analyzed. In addition, our findings suggest that several neurohormones, such as methyl farnesoate, dopamine and serotonin, might trigger the stolon formation, the correct maturation of gametes and the detachment of stolons when gametogenesis is complete. The process seems to be under circadian control, as indicated by the expression patterns of r-opsins. Overall, our results shed light into the genes that orchestrate the onset of gamete formation, and improve our understanding of how some hormones, previously reported to be involved in reproduction and metamorphosis processes in other invertebrates, seem to also regulate reproduction via stolonization.

show abstract

The catecholaminergic system of an annelid (Ophryotrocha puerilis, Polychaeta)

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Delegating Sex: Differential Gene Expression in Stolonizing Syllids Uncovers the Hormonal Control of Reproduction

Delegating Sex: Differential Gene Expression in Stolonizing Syllids Uncovers the Hormonal Control of Reproduction

Neural architecture of Galathowenia oculata Zach, 1923 (Oweniidae, Annelida)

Delegating sex: differential gene expression in stolonizing syllids uncovers the hormonal control of reproduction in Annelida

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