The Cassava Mealybug,<i>Phenacoccus</i>sp. in the Republic of Zaire

Nwanze, Kanayo F.; Leuschner, K.; Ezumah, H.C.

doi:10.1080/09670877909411685

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…CM populations generally reach a maximum in the second half of the dry season and maintain only very low populations during the rainy season (Nwanze et al, 1979;Fabres and Boussienguet, 1981;Fabres, 1982;Nwanze, 1982;Le Ru and Fabres, 1986;Hammond et al, 1987;Schulthess, 1987). Correspondingly, the CM occupies the driest parts of Zaire and populations in two regions reached outbreak levels during extended drought periods.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The current status of the pest in the different parts of this vast country with difficult access is then interpreted by mapping CM together with some measure of drought stress, which is a prime factor influencing CM populations (Nwanze et al, 1979;Fabres and Boussienguet, 1981;Fabres, 1982;Nwanze, 1982;Le Ru and Fabres, 1986;Hammond et al, 1987;Schulthess, 1987;Schulthess et al, 1987). This factor is assessed on a large scale by the density of the vegetation in general, as estimated from satellite pictures (Tucker et al, 1985) which are also used to develop forecasting for outbreaks of desert locust and, lately, Rift Valley fever (Linthicum et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spread and current distribution of the cassava mealybug,Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Zaire

Hennessey

Neuenschwander

Muaka³

1990

Tropical Pest Management

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The cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr., spread in Zaire from foci at Kinshasa (1973), Mulandi (1978), and Goma (1982. It now occurs over an area of 560 000 km 2 , mainly in regions with a dry season of at least 90 days. Within these regions the pest occurs principally in areas having low green-leaf biomass towards the end of the dry season. Mealybug populations reached catastrophic levels mostly during prolonged periods of drought. The exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) has spread over 130000 km 2 in western Zaire and southern Shaba, where no further mealybug outbreak has since been recorded.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread and current distribution of the cassava mealybug,Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Zaire

Hennessey

Neuenschwander

Muaka³

1990

Tropical Pest Management

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“…Kutu putih P. manihoti mulai menjadi perhatian dunia pada saat hama ini secara tidak sengaja terbawa masuk ke Afrika pada tahun 1970 (Nwanze et al, 1979), dan kemudian masuk ke Asia pada tahun 2009 (Parsa et al, 2012). Di Indonesia kutu P. manihoti pertama kali ditemukan di Bogor pada tahun 2010 (Muniappan et al, 2011).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Kutu Putih Singkong, Phenacoccus Manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): Persebaran Geografi Di Pulau Jawa Dan Rintisan Pengendalian Hayati

Abduchalek

Rauf

Pudjianto

2017

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA

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Cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): Geographic distribution in Java and initiation of biological control. Cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Psedococcidae), is a recently introduced pest in Indonesia. Parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was imported to control the pest. Studies were conducted to determine geographic distribution of P. manihoti throughout Java, and to evaluate the potential of the parasitoid as a biological control agent. Geographic distribution of the pest was determined through field survey, whereas evaluation of the parasitoid was studied through cage experiment and field release. Our survey revealed that the cassava mealybug has spread throughout Java. Heavy infestations caused shortened and distorted stems, complete defoliation, and stunted growth. In cages containing only mealybugs, all cassava plants (100%) died after two months. Whereas in cages containing both mealybugs and three pairs of parasitoid, rate of parasitization was 25% and plant mortality 20%. Parasitoids released in the field were able to survive, reproduce, and establish under Bogor climatic condition. These might indicate that parasitoid A. lopezi is a potential natural enemy to be used in biological control program of the cassava mealybug. Key words: Anagyrus lopezi, biological control, cassava mealybug, parasitoid, Phenacoccus manihoti ABSTRAKKutu putih singkong, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): Persebaran geografi di Pulau Jawa dan rintisan pengendalian hayati. Kutu putih singkong, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Psedococcidae), merupakan hama baru di Indonesia. Parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) didatangkan untuk mengendalikan hama tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan menentukan persebaran geografi P. manihoti di Pulau Jawa, serta mengkaji potensi A. lopezi sebagai agens pengendalian hayati. Persebaran geografi dilakukan melalui kegiatan survei lapangan, sedangkan evaluasi potensi parasitoid dilakukan melalui percobaan kurungan dan pelepasan di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kutu putih P. manihoti sudah tersebar luas di seluruh Pulau Jawa. Serangan berat menyebabkan batang memendek dan bengkok, gugur daun, dan pertumbuhan terhambat. Dalam kurungan yang hanya berisi kutu putih, seluruh tanaman singkong (100%) mati setelah dua bulan. Dalam kurungan yang berisi kutu putih dan tiga pasang parasitoid, tingkat parasitisasi mencapai 25% dan kematian tanaman 20%. Parasitoid yang dilepaskan di lapangan mampu berkembang biak dan menetap pada kondisi iklim di Bogor. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa parasitoid A. lopezi merupakan musuh alami yang potensial untuk digunakan dalam program pengendalian hayati kutu putih singkong.

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“…An important example is the case of the biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a devastating pest of cassava (manioc) that is invasive in central Africa (Nwanze et al, 1979). An important example is the case of the biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a devastating pest of cassava (manioc) that is invasive in central Africa (Nwanze et al, 1979).…”

Section: Misidentification Of Target Pestsmentioning

confidence: 99%