Systematics and biological control

Andersen, Jeremy C.; Wagner, David L.

doi:10.1002/9781118392553.ch6

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 197 publications

(155 reference statements)

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“…Taxonomic expertise is fundamental to management and policy efforts, from border control to early detection (and both encouraging and justifying rapid response based on expert identification) to post-invasion management. In several cases, misidentifications and failures to recognize cryptic species complexes have delayed the discovery and introduction of suitable biological control agents (Anderson and Wagner 2016). This is illustrated by biological control of Cactaceae in South Africa that was delayed because the wrong species of herbivorous insect was collected.…”

Section: Lack Of Taxonomic Expertise Limits Our Ability To Manage Invasionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four priority areas to advance invasion science in the face of rapid environmental change

et al. 2021

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Unprecedented rates of introduction and spread of non-native species pose burgeoning challenges to biodiversity, natural resource management, regional economies, and human health. Current biosecurity efforts are failing to keep pace with globalization, revealing critical gaps in our understanding and response to invasions. Here, we identify four priority areas to advance invasion science in the face of rapid global environmental change. First, invasion science should strive to develop a more comprehensive framework for predicting how the behavior, abundance, and interspecific interactions of non-native species vary in relation to conditions in receiving environments and how these factors govern the ecological impacts of invasion. A second priority is to understand the potential synergistic effects of multiple co-occurring stressors – particularly involving climate change – on the establishment and impact of non-native species. Climate adaptation and mitigation strategies will need to consider the possible consequences of promoting non-native species, and appropriate management responses to non-native species will need to be developed. The third priority is to address the taxonomic impediment. The ability to detect and evaluate invasion risks is compromised by a growing deficit in taxonomic expertise, which cannot be adequately compensated by new molecular technologies alone. Management of biosecurity risks will become increasingly challenging unless academia, industry, and governments train and employ new personnel in taxonomy and systematics. Fourth, we recommend that internationally cooperative biosecurity strategies consider the bridgehead effects of global dispersal networks, in which organisms tend to invade new regions from locations where they have already established. Cooperation among countries to eradicate or control species established in bridgehead regions should yield greater benefit than independent attempts by individual countries to exclude these species from arriving and establishing.

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Section: Lack Of Taxonomic Expertise Limits Our Ability To Manage Invasionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four priority areas to advance invasion science in the face of rapid environmental change

et al. 2021

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“…Studies using metabarcoding approaches have also been able to acquire population‐level genetic information from eDNA samples collected from seawater (Parsons et al, 2018; Sigsgaard et al, 2016). Identification below the species level is especially important for tracking introduced biological control agents because there can be an intraspecies variation that is correlated with the differences in biological control specificity or efficiency (Andersen & Wagner, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive environmental DNA (eDNA) methods to detect hemlock woolly adelgid and its biological control predators Leucotaraxis silver flies and a Laricobius beetle

et al. 2022

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Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis can be a powerful tool for the early detection of invasive organisms. However, research on terrestrial eDNA detection from foliage surfaces has been limited. In this study, we developed methods to capture and detect eDNA using qPCR from an invasive forest pest, hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae), and three of its biological control predators Leucotaraxis piniperda, Leucotaraxis argenticollis, and Laricobius nigrinus. We designed four highly efficient qPCR assays with a low limit of detection (1-10 copies/reaction). The assay targeting A. tsugae was species-specific. The assays targeting Le. piniperda, and Le. argenticollis were biotype-specific in addition to being species-specific demonstrating applications of eDNA analysis beyond species-level detection. The La. nigrinus assay also detected DNA from closely related and hybridizing Laricobius rubidus. The eDNA methods were evaluated against traditional detection methods. We collected foliage samples from three strata (bottom, middle, and top) of eastern hemlock trees to detect the presence of A. tsugae. The detection of the biological control predators was evaluated using western hemlock foliage samples collected from the predators' native range in western Washington. The eDNA methods had significantly higher positive detection rates (2.8-4.5 times) than conventional methods of all target species. The strata of sampling were not significant in determining the presence of A. tsugae infestation.The eDNA concentration positively correlated with the observed density for all species. This study demonstrates the efficacy of eDNA analysis as a more sensitive tool for early detection of A. tsugae and to track the establishment of its biological control predators.

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“…As with all biological control attempts, this should involve extensive testing because there are recorded cases of parasitoids becoming widespread after their introduction and expanding their host range in non‐native areas, regardless of whether the introduction was intentional or not (Roy et al , ; Mitrović et al , ; Petrović et al , ). The importance of understanding the genetic structure of both pest species and their natural enemies in biological control programmes has now been recognized in numerous studies (Roderick & Navajas, ; Lozier et al , ; Muirhead et al , ; Tavares et al , ; Andersen & Wagner, ). Molecular analyses often uncover cryptic species of natural enemies, showing different relationships with the target pest organism, especially when those species cannot easily be differentiated morphologically, as is often the case with Hymenoptera used in biological control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden in plain sight: phylogeography of an overlooked parasitoid species Trioxys sunnysidensis Fulbright & Pike (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae)

Čkrkić

Petrović

Kocić

et al. 2019

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 The bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi is a major cereal pest with an almost cosmopolitan distribution. As one of the main groups of biocontrol agents for aphids, numerous Aphidiinae are associated with R. padi, including the genera Binodoxys and Trioxys. 2 As a recently described species parasitizing R. padi, Trioxys sunnysidensis is recorded from Europe for the first time based on morphological and molecular data. Specimens from North America, Europe and New Zealand were used in the analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I to explore genetic variation among populations. The analysis revealed one of the highest haplotype diversities in Aphidiinae so far, with 25 haplotypes detected. The two most common haplotypes are shared across groups of populations, whereas all of the others are found either in North America or Europe. 3 Because the genetic structure of populations is an important factor to consider when choosing a biocontrol agent, the results obtained in the present study may be helpful in guiding potential biocontrol attempts.

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Systematics and biological control

Cited by 9 publications

References 197 publications

Four priority areas to advance invasion science in the face of rapid environmental change

Four priority areas to advance invasion science in the face of rapid environmental change

Sensitive environmental DNA (eDNA) methods to detect hemlock woolly adelgid and its biological control predators Leucotaraxis silver flies and a Laricobius beetle

Hidden in plain sight: phylogeography of an overlooked parasitoid species Trioxys sunnysidensis Fulbright & Pike (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae)

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