"The Care of Souls Is a Very Grave Burden for [the Pastor]": Professionalization of Clergy in Early Modern Florence, Lucca, and Arezzo

Abstract

Councils and bishops in late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century Tuscan dioceses emphasized vocation and the cura animarurn in their efforts to reform the parish clergy after the Council of Trent. The desired criteria for pastoral behavior were relatively simple, yet in many instances conformity was elusive. While synods and visitations clearly articulate a vision of professionalism, and even state penalties for failures to achieve that vision, most parishes display instead a continuation of prior practices in several important areas, including very low levels of conformity with Tridentine and post-Tridentine reglations concerning education of priests and availability of up-to-date service books. Since the penalties were relatively small, and often did not produce any change, historians may conclude that seventeenth-century priests were not able to achieve the level of professionalization desired of them.

Priests and their Bodies after Trent: (Dis)abilities, Masculinities, Sexualities

“…The Counter-Reformationwhose priests have often been subjected to what we might term "professionalisation" discourse 9 emerges from these volumes as a critical moment in both the questioning and consolidation of sex/gender norms and expectations among Europeans. Debates about those norms and expectations in turn have major implications for how we understand models of priestly formation in the present 10 but also for historical engagement with Trent's objectives and effectivenessin the Council's immediate aftermath and during later seventeenth-and eighteenth-century "reform" waves.…”

Abortion and the Confessional in Counter-Reformation Italy

“… 19 In his oration at the 1569 Synod of Florence, the Vicar General Guido Serguidi stated that “the ignorance of the faithful was a consequence of the inadequacies of the clergy in its pastoral mission”: quoted in D'Addario, 199; Comerford, 2005, 355. …”