The Carbon Footprints of Agricultural Products in Canada

Desjardins, R. L.; Worth, Devon E.; Dyer, James A.; Vergé, X. P. C.; McConkey, B.G.

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-7916-1_1

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Using a consequential life cycle assessment, Dalgaard et al [50] calculated that SBM produced in Argentina and delivered to the Netherlands had a global warming potential of 0.721 kg CO 2 e/kg if used to avoid palm oil and 0.344 kg CO 2 e/kg to avoid rapeseed oil, respectively. The emission factors for SBM and CM in the present study (Table 5) from Desjardins et al [35] were derived using the traditional attributional approach, and thus not directly comparable to those reported by Dalgaard et al [50]. Rotz et al [51] assumed an emission factor of 0.37 kg CO 2 e/kg DM for SBM produced in the United States.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…In Canada, large differences in the emission factors of protein sources occur at the provincial scale, and these differences were shown in the present study to affect the GHG intensity of FPCM. Desjardins et al [35] reported that the emission intensities in 2011 for canola seed on an area basis were 2700 kg CO 2 e/ha for QC and 530 kg CO 2 e/ha for SK. The lower emission intensity in SK is due to the high adoption rate of practices such as no-till and reduced summer fallowing that favor the sequestration of carbon in soils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canola Meal versus Soybean Meal as Protein Supplements in the Diets of Lactating Dairy Cows Affects the Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Milk

Holtshausen

Benchaar

Kröbel

et al. 2021

Animals

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Soybean meal (SBM) and canola meal (CM) are protein supplements used in lactating dairy cow diets and, recently, an enteric methane-mitigating effect (i.e., lower Ym value) was reported for CM. Before recommending CM as a greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation strategy, it is necessary to examine the net impact on total GHG emissions from milk production. The objective was to determine whether using CM rather than SBM in lactating dairy cow diets decreases GHG per kilogram of fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM), and whether the decrease depends upon where the meals are produced. Cradle to farm-gate life cycle assessments were conducted for a simulated dairy farm in eastern (Quebec) and western (Alberta) Canada. Scenarios examined the source of protein meal, location where meals were produced, and the methane-mitigating effect of CM. The Holos model was used to estimate GHG emissions from animals, manure, crop production, imported feeds, and energy use. GHG intensities (CO2e/kg FPCM) were 0.85–1.02 in the east and 1.07–1.11 in the west for the various scenarios, with enteric methane comprising 34 to 40% of total emissions. CM produced in western Canada with a low up-stream emission factor and low Ym value reduced CO2e/kg FPCM by 3% (western farm) to 6.6% (eastern farm) compared with SBM. We conclude that using CM rather than SBM in the diet of lactating dairy cows can be a GHG mitigation strategy depending upon where it is produced and whether it decreases enteric methane emissions.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canola Meal versus Soybean Meal as Protein Supplements in the Diets of Lactating Dairy Cows Affects the Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Milk

Holtshausen

Benchaar

Kröbel

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…The cocoa agroindustry sector is responsible for the carbon dioxide emissions related to applyingfertilizers, plant maintenance processes, production processes, plantation fieldwork operations, machinery supply, and various other minor sources. The value of the carbon footprint can be reduced by using renewable resources and more efficient production practices (Desjardins et al, 2020). The carbon footprint of chocolate products is measured over their lifetime, from raw material extraction and direct production to their use and final reuse, recycling, or disposal (Gao et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Footprint Analysis of Cocoa Product Indonesia Using Life Cycle Assessment Methods

Dianawati¹,

Indrasti²,

Ismayana³

et al. 2023

J. Ecol. Eng.

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The production of cocoa beans in Indonesia into chocolate and other cocoa-derived products produces emissions that pollute the environment. This research aimed to calculate the carbon footprint of the cocoa agroindustry using the Life Cycle Assessment approach in Lampung, Indonesia. The LCA under study is within the scope of Cradle to Grave, starting from nurseries_cocoa plantations_dry cocoa beans_chocolate production_retail, and consumers with emission function units per 1 kg of product. The method refers to the ISO 14040:2006 life cycle assessment standard, with the stages of determining objectives and scope, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation of recommendations. Primary data was analyzed using Simapro 9.4.0.2 Software. Secondary data was collected through a literature study. Data analysis shows the highest environmental impact after normalization resulting from four activities: packaging, transportation from industry to marketing office, and transportation from marketing office to retail. The highest environmental impact is generated by industrial activities, with a total emission of 2.57E -10 per kg of dark chocolate. In this study, GWP 100a emissions from cocoa agroforestry and agroindustry activities within the scope of the Cradle to Grave study were 7.31E +01 kg CO 2-eq per kg dark chocolate. In addition, selecting the type of packaging is an indicator that must be considered. Using a combination of aluminum foil, paper, and cardboard as packaging causes the second highest emission in the packaging sub-process after transportation from industry to marketing office in industrial activities. It is the 4 th highest of all activities. One of the reasons for the high emissions produced in the final product or cocoa consumed by consumers is no longer in doubt. On the basis of normalization activities, the highest environmental impacts were generated by industrial activities, with a total emission of 2.57E -10 . The use of packaging in packaging and fuel activities in transportation from industry to marketing office activities, industrial activities also use quite a large amount of electrical energy, namely 421.91 kWh.Recommendations for improvement can be identified to reduce the GHG impact and increase energy efficiency. Energy-saving sustainablemethods constitute a challenge for the cocoa agroindustry because they positively impact the reduction of the global warming potential.

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Optimizing Agricultural Landscapes: Measures Towards Prosperity and Sustainability

Mueller

Eulenstein

Mirschel

et al. 2021

Innovations in Landscape Research

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The Carbon Footprints of Agricultural Products in Canada

Cited by 10 publications

References 72 publications

Canola Meal versus Soybean Meal as Protein Supplements in the Diets of Lactating Dairy Cows Affects the Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Milk

Canola Meal versus Soybean Meal as Protein Supplements in the Diets of Lactating Dairy Cows Affects the Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Milk

Carbon Footprint Analysis of Cocoa Product Indonesia Using Life Cycle Assessment Methods

Optimizing Agricultural Landscapes: Measures Towards Prosperity and Sustainability

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