The Capability of Equisetum ramosissium and Typha angustifolia as Phytoremediation Agents to Reduce Nitrate-Phosphate Pollutants and Prevent Microcystis Blooming in Fresh Water Ecosystem

Abstract

The aim of this study is to find out the kind of hydromacrophyte composition having the highest capability to reduce nitrate-phosphate pollutant and Microcystis growth in phytoremediation media using Equisetum ramosissium, Typha angustifolia and the combination of both. Microcystis were obtained from Sutami reservoir, then being inoculated in a media grown by hydromacrophytes (E. ramosissium, T. angustifolia and both of the hydromacrophytes) in the batch culture system. The number of Microcystis was counted every day within fifteen days. Abiotic factors were observe, including the concentration of nitrate using brucine-colorimetry method and orthophosphate (dissolved phosphate) using stannous chloride-colorimetry method on day 0, 6th, 12th and 15th. The growth rate of Microcystis carrying capacity and orthophosphate-nitrate levels among treatments were analysed by ANOVA test. The results showed that E. ramosissium and T. angustifolia in mono and polyculture techniques had similar potentiality to reduce the nitrate and ortophosphate. The concentrations of nitrate and orthophosphate decreased over 70 % in the 6th day after incubation. All of the treatments were able to reduce the carrying capacity of Microcystis up to 46 % , but the growth rates were similar in all media, that is, around 97-170 cells/L/day.

Using Benthic Diatom to Assess the Success of Batch Culture System Phytoremediation Process of Water Irrigation

“…Hidrophytes and riparian vegetation in the river or irrigation channels could show a significant role to reduce eutrophication risk and also promoted degradation of toxic residual pesticides accumulated from agriculture ecosystem [11]. The result of research in laboratory experiment has proved that some hidromacrophytes such as Azolla sp., Hydrilla verticillata, Limnocharis flava, Marsilea crenata, Equisetum ramosissium, Typha angustifolia, Scirpus grossus, and Lymnocharis flava in monoculture or polyculture showed high potential as remediator agent of nitrate and phosphate in aquatic ecosystem [12,13,14,15]. However, the successful application of hidrophytes and riparian vegetation to reduce the residual content of synthetic pesticides is unknown.…”

Use of local Hydromacrophytes as phytoremediation agent in pond to improve irrigation water quality evaluated by Diatom Biotic Indices

“…Hydromacrophytes acts as a filter sediment, phosphorus and dissolved nitrogen so then can generally improve the quality of water (Jayaweera and Kasturiarachchi 2004;Xiang et al 2009). Some Hydromacrophytes such as Hydrilla verticillata, Marsilea crenata, Scirpus grossus, Limnocharis flava, Fimbristylis globulosa, Vetiveria zizanoides, Equisetum ramosissium, Typha angustifolia, Azolla sp., Monochoria vaginalis, Ludwigia hyssopifolia, and Ludwigia adscendens have also been proven to reduce pollutants of dissolved nirogen and dissolved phosphate derived from synthetic fertilizer and other materials on the scale of the greenhouse through a batch culture system (Jayaweera dan Kasturiarachchi 2004;Xiang et al 2009;Retnaningdyah et al 2012;Vidayanti et al 2012;Retnaningdyah and Arisoesilaningsih 2013;Prahardika et al 2013;Sundari et al 2013;Ivansyah and Retnaningdyah 2013).…”

“…The result of previous research in laboratory experiments using batch culture systems have proved that some Hydromacrophytes such as Azolla sp., Hydrilla verticillata, Limnocharis flava, Marsilea crenata, Equisetum ramosissium, Typha angustifolia, Scirpus grossus and Lymnocharis flava in monoculture or polyculture showed high potential as a remediator agent of nitrate and phosphate in aquatic ecosystem (Retnaningdyah and Suharjono 2010;Vidayanti et al 2012;Sundari et al 2012;Prahardika et al 2012). The success of phytoremediation process is determined by plant productivity.…”

The Effectiveness of Various Types of Local Hydromacrophytes on The Phytoremediation Process of Catfish Pond Wastewater using a Batch Culture System

“…There are various techniques for phytoremediation, one of which is planting hydromacrophytes in the batch culture system. Previous research in laboratory experiments using hydromacrophytes for phytoremediation demonstrated that some hydromacrophytes, such as Polygonum hydropiperoides, Nymphaea sp, Azolla sp., Hydrilla verticillata, Marsilea crenata, Equisetum ramosissium, Typha angustifolia, Scirpus grossus, Ipomoea aquatica, and Lymnocharis flava, which are combined either planted in monoculture or polyculture showed high potential as a nitrate and phosphate remediator agent of wastewater in the aquatic ecosystem [4][5][6][7]. Based on the results of this previous study, applying these techniques in catfish farming pond wastewater is essential, especially to compare the effectiveness of the phytoremediation model.…”