The cancer incidence and mortality among children and adolescents during the period of 2010‐2014 in Henan Province, China

Abstract

Objective The cancer etiology in children and adolescents is largely different with that in adults, and the description in epidemiology still remains deficiency. Therefore, we described the cancer incidence and related epidemiological features in children and adolescents to provide clues for etiological studies. Methods Cancer incidence stratified by age, gender, and areas was calculated using data extracted from population‐based cancer registries in Henan Province, China. All cancer among children aged 0‐19 years were reclassified according to category criteria of the International Classification of Childhood Cancer, 3rd Edition (ICCC‐3). Age‐standardized rate (WSR) was calculated using Segi's world standardized population by the direct method, and it was expressed per million person‐years. Results The crude cancer incidence and mortality were 87.56 and 36.32 per million person‐years among children aged 0‐19 years, and the WSRs slightly changed compared with crude incidence and mortality, and they were 87.36 and 35.46 per million person‐years. Leukemia and central nervous system neoplasms (CNS) were the most common cancer categories both in children aged 0‐14 years and in adolescents aged 15‐19 years in regardless of gender and areas. Tiny difference of incidence and mortality existed in different age groups across 0‐14 years; however, they were higher in adolescents aged 15‐19 years than that in children aged 0‐14 years. Among children aged 0‐19 years, the cancer incidence and mortality were predominant in boys, and the sex ratio was 1.19; however, it was varied by diagnostic categories. Conclusion This is the first study that described the cancer incidence and mortality among children aged 0‐19 in Henan Province, and it would help researchers to understand the burden and epidemiological characteristics of childhood cancer, and hence suggested clues for the etiological studies.

Neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor (Sintilimab) in NSCLC

“…1 It was estimated that the total number of new cases diagnosed with lung cancer in People's Republic of China in 2015 was about 787,000, corresponding to over 2100 new lung cancer cases diagnosed each day. 2 Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment for early-stage NSCLC; however, most patients relapse after operation, which is considered to be associated with "residual tumor cells," 3,4 or "tumor micrometastasis." 5,6 Therefore, 5-year survival rates remain at approximately 50% for stage IA and 20% for stage III NSCLC.…”

“…5,6 Therefore, 5-year survival rates remain at approximately 50% for stage IA and 20% for stage III NSCLC. 7 Neoadjuvant therapy is an accepted practice in patients with resectable NSCLC for several advantages: (1) reducing tumor burden before operation; (2) directing adjuvant therapy on the basis of patients' response to neoadjuvant treatment; and (3) using pathologic remission as a surrogate end point for survival benefit. Several studies have reported that neoadjuvant chemotherapy provides benefit compared with operation alone.…”

The relative survival and cure fraction of gastric cancer estimated through flexible parametric models using data from population‐based cancer registration during 2003‐2012 in Linzhou, China

“…The subjects included in our study were extracted from the database of Linzhou Cancer Registry, which is one of the earliest Cancer Registries in China and was established in the 1960s. The procedures of data collection, standards of cancer cases coding, and the validity check of cancer cases were conducted according to the criteria of “International Agency for Research on Cancer/International Association of Cancer Registries (IARC/IACR)” and “Guideline for Chinese Cancer Registration.” The cancer cases were sourced using records of hospitals, health insurance system, new rural cooperative medical systems, and vital statistical systems . The quality control procedures had been described previously, they would be summarized then as follows .…”

“…The procedures of data collection, standards of cancer cases coding, and the validity check of cancer cases were conducted according to the criteria of “International Agency for Research on Cancer/International Association of Cancer Registries (IARC/IACR)” and “Guideline for Chinese Cancer Registration.” The cancer cases were sourced using records of hospitals, health insurance system, new rural cooperative medical systems, and vital statistical systems . The quality control procedures had been described previously, they would be summarized then as follows . The quality control indices of the Linzhou cancer registration data including comparability, validity, and completeness were evaluated by the IARC/IACR and the National Central Cancer Registry of China (NCCR).…”

Catastrophic health expenditures of households living with pediatric leukemia in China

“…2,[4][5][6] These advances in treatment have also increased the 5-year relative survival rates of patients, reaching to around 85% in developed countries and 70.5% to 80% in China. 1,7,8 Due to the prolonged length of stay in hospitals and the need for specialized facilities and care, children and adolescents with pediatric cancer require a significantly greater amount of healthcare resources than patients with other pediatric health conditions. 9,10 Aside from medical bills such as diagnostic tests, chemotherapy, and hospitalization, the financial costs for treating pediatric cancer also include hidden non-medical expenses, such as transport, accommodation, and loss of parental income.…”