The calicioid lichens and fungi of the Acadian Forest ecoregion of northeastern North America, II. The rest of the story

Selva, Steven B.

doi:10.1639/0007-2745-117.4.336

Cited by 41 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The vast majority of extant calicioids live in forests, share similar habitat requirements, and can form characteristic communities in specific types of microhabitats (e.g., Tibell, 1999;Titov, 2006;Rikkinen, 2003a;Selva, 2013). For example, epiphyte communities rich in calicioid species are remarkably similar in composition over the entire circumpolar belt of boreal coniferous forests and adjoining areas of temperate coniferousdeciduous forests (Tibell, 1975(Tibell, , 1980(Tibell, , 1999Peterson and Rikkinen, 2003;Titov, 2000Titov, , 2001Titov, , 2006Rikkinen, 2003a;Selva, 2010Selva, , 2013Selva, , 2014. A number of calicioid species have bipolar distributions and thus also occur in temperate forests of the southern hemisphere (Tibell, 1987(Tibell, , 1994(Tibell, , 1998.…”

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite their wide ranges, individual calicioid species often occur only in rather restricted and specialized microhabitats. Most species grow on either bark or hard lignum and are found on basal tree trunks in temperate and boreal forests (Middelborg and Mattsson, 1987;Tibell, 1992;Selva, 1994Selva, , 2003Selva, , 2013Selva, , 2014Rikkinen, 1995Rikkinen, , 2003aHolien, 1996Holien, , 1998Titov, 1998Titov, , 2000Titov, , 2001Titov et al, 2004;McMullin and Arsenault, 2016). Others are substrate specialists that only grow on resinous exudates of conifers (Bonar, 1971;Tibell, 1993, 1999;Rikkinen, 1999Rikkinen, , 2003cTuovila et al, 2013Tuovila et al, , 2014Rikkinen et al, 2014Rikkinen et al, , 2016Selva and Tuovila, 2016) or angiosperms (Tibell and Titov, 1995;Selva and Tibell, 1999;Tuovila et al, 2011aTuovila et al, , 2014Tuovila, 2013;Beimforde et al, 2017b), on thalli of calicioid or other lichens (Hawksworth, 1978;Löfgren and Tibell, 1979;Tibell and Ryman, 1995;Titov, 2006), on basiomata of polyporoid fungi (Hawksworth, 1980;Tibell, 1981a;Hutchison, 1987;Muñiz et al, 2013;Hawksworth et al, 2014;Allen and McMullin, 2015;…”

Section: Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological Convergence in Forest Microfungi Provides a Proxy for Paleogene Forest Structure

Rikkinen

Schmidt

2018

Transformative Paleobotany

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Amber, fossilized plant resin from gymnosperms and angiosperms, is renowned for preserving a wide range of organisms in microscopic fidelity. These so-called amber inclusions comprise many groups of organisms, ranging frombacteria to arthropods and vertebrates (Penney, 2010; Ragazzi and Schmidt, 2011;Grimaldi and Ross, 2017). Organisms trapped in amber typically derive from forest ecosystems where they became stuck to resin outpourings in their habitats (Seyfullah and Schmidt, 2015). In addition, ambers are prime examples of chemical fossils that are relatively resistant to diagenesis and can retain their original chemical and isotopic compositions. Therefore, chemical profiles of ambers may support the detection of the resin-bearing plants and the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate (Langenheim, 2003; Dal Corso et al., 2017). The study of amber and its inclusions should consequently enable the reconstruction of past forest ecosystems and even prevailing climatic conditions. However, several constraints exist for this approach. Much amber from the hundreds of worldwide localities does not contain notable inclusions or predominantly preserved arthropods, prokaryotes, and fungal mycelia (Martınez-Delclòs et al., 2004; Labandeira, 2014). Arthropods are indeed the most commonly studied amber inclusions, whereas fossil plant remains and palynomorphs, on which reconstructions of Cenozoic forests and derived climate estimates are typically based on (Ferguson et al., 1998; Bruch and Mosbrugger, 2002; Kunzmann and Walther, 2012), are relatively rare in amber. Only six worldwide amber deposits harbor plenty of plant inclusions, so far: Miocene Dominican and Mexican ambers, Paleogene Baltic, Bitterfeld, and Rovno ambers, and mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Penney, 2010). Further hurdles are linked to the physical properties of amber. Once reworked from the original sediment, amber may float or drift in sea water, and the notion exists that even amber specimens forming large deposits may have been reworked and transported, originally belonging to older and possibly geographically distinct sediments (Weitschat and Wichard, 2010). Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers constitute the largest Paleogene amber deposits worldwide, with estimated 640,000 tons of fossil resin for the Baltic deposit (Weitschat and Wichard, 2010) and approximately 3000 tons for the central German Bitterfeld locality (Liehmann, 2013). Hundreds of thousands of inclusions were found in Baltic amber, with >3000 species described from Baltic amber (Weitschat and Wichard, 2010) and >700 species reported from Bitterfeld amber (Rappsilber, 2016). Uncertainties regarding botanical provenance, age, and geographical origin are particularly associated with these two amber deposits. Langenheim (2003) introduced the term "Tertiary Baltic Amber Mystery" to refer to the conflicting evidence about the botanical source of succinite, which is the main resin variety of Baltic

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Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Convergence in Forest Microfungi Provides a Proxy for Paleogene Forest Structure

Rikkinen

Schmidt

2018

Transformative Paleobotany

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“…Although a paucity of knowledge about their distribution could be perceived as a barrier to using inconspicuous lichens, McMullin and Arsenault () were able to complete calicioid surveys in eight forest stands in less than 2 weeks, which suggests that, with appropriate training, evaluations based on their use as indicator species are possible in a reasonable amount of time. Whether calicioids could be useful in other forest regions is unknown; to date, they have been extensively surveyed only in the Acadian forest region (Selva ). Nonetheless, we believe that indicator lists composed of less cryptic and more readily field‐identifiable lichens could be developed for many forests in North America, as has been done elsewhere (Fritz et al .…”

Section: Lichens As Indicators Of Forest Continuitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Out with OLD growth, in with ecological continNEWity: new perspectives on forest conservation

McMullin

Wiersma

2019

Frontiers in Ecol & Environ

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Forest managers have a responsibility to identify and conserve ecologically exceptional forest stands. In North America, priority areas of old‐growth forest are often identified based primarily on the age of trees within the stand. However, delineating forests with high conservation value based solely on tree age is an oversimplification. Therefore, we propose a different view – that of forest continuity, a view that is more prevalent in Europe. We contend that forests that have been continuously wooded over time, whether old‐growth trees are present or not, have higher conservation value than areas that have old trees but that may not always have been forested. Identifying forests with high continuity requires a different index than tree age. We argue that the relative richness and abundance of lichens can be effective indicators of forest continuity, discuss how forest managers might operationalize this system, and explain why it might be a more ecologically relevant indicator of priority forest areas.

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“…Many calicioid lichens and fungi share similar habitat require-ments and for example form diverse communities on lignum and bark in temperate and boreal old-growth forests (Middelborg and Mattsson, 1987;Tibell, 1992;Selva, 1994Selva, , 2003Selva, , 2013Selva, , 2014Rikkinen, 1995Rikkinen, , 2003aHolien, 1996Holien, , 1998Titov, 1998Titov, , 2000Titov, , 2001McMullin and Arsenault, 2016;Vehkaoja et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calicioid lichens and fungi in amber – Tracing extant lineages back to the Paleogene

Rikkinen

Meinke

Grabenhorst

et al. 2018

Geobios

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Calicioid lichens and fungi are a polyphyletic grouping of tiny ascomycetes that accumulate a persistent spore mass (mazaedium) on top of their usually well-stalked ascomata ('mazaediate fungi'). In addition to extant forms, six fossils of the group were previously known from European Paleogene amber. Here we report nine new fossils and analyze the preserved features of all fossils to assess their applicability for dating molecular phylogenies. Many fossils are extremely well preserved, allowing detailed comparisons with modern taxa. SEM investigation reveals that even fine details of ascospore wall ultrastructure correspond to those seen in extant specimens. All fossils can confidently be assigned to modern genera: three to Calicium (Caliciaceae, Lecanoromycetes), five to Chaenotheca (Coniocybaceae, Coniocybomycetes), six to Chaenothecopsis (Mycocaliciaceae, Eurotiales), and one to Phaeocalicium (Mycocaliciaceae, Eurotiales). Several Calicium and Chaenotheca fossils are assignable to specific lineages within their genera, while the Chaenothecopsis fossils demonstrate the extent of intraspecific variation within one such lineage. Some features in the morphology of Chaenotheca succina nov. sp. seem to be ancestral as they have not been reported from modern species of the genus.

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The calicioid lichens and fungi of the Acadian Forest ecoregion of northeastern North America, II. The rest of the story

Cited by 41 publications

References 29 publications

Morphological Convergence in Forest Microfungi Provides a Proxy for Paleogene Forest Structure

Morphological Convergence in Forest Microfungi Provides a Proxy for Paleogene Forest Structure

Out with OLD growth, in with ecological continNEWity: new perspectives on forest conservation

Calicioid lichens and fungi in amber – Tracing extant lineages back to the Paleogene

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