The Calculus Surface Index Method for Scoring Clinical Calculus Studies

Ennever, J.; Sturzenberger, O. P.; Radike, Arthur W.

doi:10.1902/jop.1961.32.1.54

Cited by 60 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Prior to the initial prophylaxis baseline data were obtained: Oral hygiene was assessed using the criteria of the Plaque Index System (PlI) (Silness & Loe 1964), and calculus was scored according to the Calculus Surface and Calculus Surface Severity Index (CSI, CSSI) on the four surfaces of the six anterior mandibular teeth (Ennever et al 1961). Gingival health or disease was scored according to the criteria of the Gingival index System (GI) (Loe & Silness 1963) and the Papillary-Marginal-Gingivitis Index (PMGI) (de la Rosa & Sturzenberger 1976).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of supervised chlorhexidine mouthrinses in children

Lang

Hotz

Graf

et al. 1982

J of Periodontal Research

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165

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The study tested the effects of supervised chlorhexidine digluconate (CH) mouthrinses on plaque and gingivitis in school children. 158 children (aged 10–12 years) participated in the study. They were divided into four groups matched according to age, sex. DMFS, and GI. Following a sealing and prophylaxis procedure. Group A was assigned to daily mouthrinses 6 times per week using a .2 % solution of CH. Group B used the same solution only twice per week, and Group C was assigned to daily rinsing using a .1 % solution of CH. Group D served as control and rinsed daily with a placebo solution. All the rinsings were supervised and timed for 30 seconds. No attempt was made to influence the oral hygiene habits of the children. Prior to the initial prophylaxis and after 6 months of supervised rinsing, plaque was scored using the Plaque Index (PII), and gingivitis was assessed using the Gingival Index (GI). Calculus was scored according to the Calculus Surface Index (CSI), and stain was also graded. DMFS indices were assessed using clinical and radiographic examinations. At the end of the study plaque was significantly reduced in all CH groups when compared with the controls, and calculus increased significantly in all CH groups. In Group A the GI dropped from .88 to .15 and in Group C from .80 to .24. In Group B the GI dropped from .79 to .38. In the control group a slight reduction from GI = .93 to GI = .75 was noted. The study has shown that gingivitis can be controlled successfully on a longitudinal basis using .1 % or .2 % mouthrinses of CH as an adjunct to daily toothbrushing.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of supervised chlorhexidine mouthrinses in children

Lang

Hotz

Graf

et al. 1982

J of Periodontal Research

Self Cite

165

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“…Supra-and subgingival calculus surface indices were calculated for each tooth on the basis of the number of surfaces (excluding the occlusal surface) with supraor subgingival calculus, respectively, present on them. 17 Bacterial plaque was disclosed on teeth with an Erythrosine rinse and a plaque score was assessed for each tooth on the basis of the average area of the buc- This was in essence a cleanliness score, since a clean surface had the highest score. The plaque score for a tooth was the sum of the buccal and lingual scores di vided by two.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of the Distribution of Supra and Subgingival Calculus, Bacterial Plaque and Gingival Inflammation in the Mouths of 400 Individuals

Alexander

1971

Journal of Periodontology

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“…The amount of calculus accumulation was evaluated by the Calculus Surface Index (CSI). The presence or absence of supra-and/or subgingival calculus was determined by visual or tactile examination using a mouth mirror and dental explorer (Ennever et al, 1961).…”

Section: Clinical Examination and Indicesmentioning

confidence: 98%