The Business Case for Racial Equity

Turner, Ani

doi:10.1002/ncr.21263

Cited by 39 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…Trust for America's Health breaks down the return on investment for various early childhood interventions, finding a range from a $1.46 return for every $1 invested for insurers in the Community Asthma Initiative, to a $25.92 return for every $1 invested in the Good Behavior Game [26]. The Altarum Institute made various estimations of the economic benefits of greater racial equity in Michigan, including a $39,000 lifetime economic value for an "at risk child" achieving school readiness, a 25 percent reduction in spending on state Medicaid and public assistance programs through erasing racial disparity in income, and lower premature death rates [27].…”

Section: Interventions and Return On Investmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upon analyzing the cohort of Hennepin Health participants, the results showed that between 2012 and 2013, there was a 9.1 percent decrease in emergency department utilization and 3 percent decrease in hospital admissions among participants [28]. In an accountable care community in Summit County, Ohio, a diabetes management intervention that increased participant access to healthy foods and promoted healthy behaviors led to a 10 to 25 percent reduction in per-member per-month costs among participating diabetic members [27].…”

Section: Interventions and Return On Investmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elements of Accountable Communities for Health: A Review of the Literature

Mongeon¹,

Levi²,

Heinrich³

2017

NAM Perspectives

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Accountable health initiatives, most commonly referred to as accountable communities for health (ACHs), have been implemented nationwide in response to or as a result of contributions from state innovation model grants and community transformation grants, through collaborations with state Medicaid programs, or through other policy and financial incentives. The Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation has announced its own Accountable Health Communities Model, which has a $157 million budget over five years [1]. ACHs are best known for their cross-sector approach to addressing population health disparities. These cross-sector interventions are carried out with financial, technical, and planning support from health care delivery systems; philanthropic organizations; local, regional, and state-based public health departments; community-based organizations; consumers of health care; and others. This review of the literature seeks to understand the fundamentals of ACHs including common characteristics, major challenges, and variations in stakeholder engagement to address identified community needs.

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Section: Interventions and Return On Investmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interventions and Return On Investmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elements of Accountable Communities for Health: A Review of the Literature

Mongeon¹,

Levi²,

Heinrich³

2017

NAM Perspectives

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“…Building on Krieger's landmark studies, others have contributed to the growing body of evidence showing that racial discrimination both has direct physiological effects on health and operates structurally to affect people's access to the social determinants of health such as education, employment, income, housing, and health care (Borrell, Kiefe, Williams, Diez‐Roux, & Gordon‐Larsen, ; Bourassa, McKay‐McNabb, & Hampton, ; Harris et al., ; Krieger, , ; Krieger, Sidney, & Coakly, ; Mustillo et al., ; Oxman‐Martinez et al., ; Penn & Wykes, ; Poudrier, ; Smedley, Rich, & Erb, ; Veenstra, ; Williams, Neighbors, & Jackson, ; World Health Organization, ). In 2010, the World Health Organization identified racism explicitly as a social determinant of health inequities (Solar & Irwin, ) and Turner () has built a ‘business case’ for redressing persistent racially based inequities, showing how racial discrimination undermines the United States economy. Despite these compelling trends and the long‐standing agreement that race is not a biological category (UNESCO, ), nursing has not adequately integrated discussions of race and racism as historically and socially constituted and situated, and discrimination more widely, into the nursing curriculum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drawing on antiracist approaches toward a critical antidiscriminatory pedagogy for nursing

2017

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Although nursing has a unique contribution to advancing social justice in health care practices and education, and although social justice has been claimed as a core value of nursing, there is little guidance regarding how to enact social justice in nursing practice and education. In this paper, we propose a critical antidiscriminatory pedagogy (CADP) for nursing as a promising path in this direction. We argue that because discrimination is inherent to the production and maintenance of inequities and injustices, adopting a CADP offers opportunities for students and practicing nurses to develop their capacity to counteract racism and other forms of individual and systemic discrimination in health care, and thus promote social justice. The CADP we propose has the following features: it is grounded in a critical intersectional perspective of discrimination, it aims at fostering transformative learning, and it involves a praxis-oriented critical consciousness. A CADP challenges the liberal individualist paradigm that dominates much of western-based health care, and the culturalist and racializing processes prevalent in nursing education. It also situates nursing practice as responsive to health inequities. Thus, a CADP is a promising way to translate social justice into nursing practice and education through transformative learning. K E Y W O R D Santidiscrimination, antiracism, critical pedagogies, critical theories, discrimination, nursing curriculum, nursing education, racism | BACKGROUNDA growing body of research continues to demonstrate the profound effects of health and social inequities on peoples' health, access to care and overall well-being. Krieger (2014), for example, has focused on the health effects of racial discrimination by demonstrating a direct causal relationship with hypertension, low birthweight, premature labor, and other significant health issues. Building on Krieger's landmark studies, others have contributed to the growing body of evidence showing that racial discrimination both has direct physiological effects on health and operates structurally to affect people's access to the social determinants of health such as education, employment, income, housing, and health care (Borrell,

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“…Although these studies are also based on indirect productivity loss (i.e., opportunity costs to businesses), they have attempted to estimate the potential aggregate effect of EOD in an economy [24–26]. The estimations attribute the costs to foregone wages for minorities, and indirectly measure losses in national output from an industry perspective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the mental health costs of racial discrimination

Elias

Paradies

2016

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundRacial discrimination is a pervasive social problem in several advanced countries such as the U.S., U.K., and Australia. Public health research also indicates a range of associations between exposure to racial discrimination and negative health, particularly, mental health including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the direct negative health impact of racial discrimination has not been costed so far although economists have previously estimated indirect non-health related productivity costs. In this study, we estimate the burden of disease due to exposure to racial discrimination and measure the cost of this exposure.MethodsUsing prevalence surveys and data on the association of racial discrimination with health outcomes from a global meta-analysis, we apply a cost of illness method to measure the impact of racial discrimination. This estimate indicates the direct health cost attributable to racial discrimination and we convert the estimates to monetary values based on conventional parameters.ResultsRacial discrimination costs the Australian economy 235,452 in disability adjusted life years lost, equivalent to $37.9 billion per annum, roughly 3.02% of annual gross domestic product (GDP) over 2001–11, indicating a sizeable loss for the economy.ConclusionSubstantial cost is incurred due to increased prevalence of racial discrimination as a result of its association with negative health outcomes (e.g. depression, anxiety and PTSD). This implies that potentially significant cost savings can be made through measures that target racial discrimination. Our research contributes to the debate on the social impact of racial discrimination, with implications for policies and efforts addressing it.

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The Business Case for Racial Equity

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Elements of Accountable Communities for Health: A Review of the Literature

Elements of Accountable Communities for Health: A Review of the Literature

Drawing on antiracist approaches toward a critical antidiscriminatory pedagogy for nursing

Estimating the mental health costs of racial discrimination

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