The burning process and temperature profile of double fires in a tunnel: An experimental study

Experimental Study on the Maximum Ceiling Gas Temperature Driven by Double Fires in a Tunnel with Natural Ventilation

“…As shown in Fig. 7, the small-scale experimental research data from the study of Zhao et al (Zhao et al, 2022) can be well predicted by the model proposed in this study. However, the full-scale experimental data from the study by Guo et al (Guo et al, 2023) are slightly lower than the model predictions.…”

“…For the maximum ceiling gas temperature in case of double fire sources, Zhang et al (Zhang et al, 2020) and Ma et al (Ma et al, 2021) proposed related revised empirical models to enable the prediction of the maximum gas temperature in the longitudinally ventilated tunnel. Zhao et al (Zhao et al, 2022) investigated the fire evolution and ceiling temperature distribution of the double fires in the naturally ventilated tunnel, and proposed an empirical model for maximum ceiling gas temperature.…”

A Study on the Maximum Temperature of a Ceiling Jet of Asymmetric Dual Strong Plumes in a Naturally Ventilated Tunnel

“…According to the insights from the study, an analysis model for the temperature distribution was proposed for cases when the ratio of S/D exceeds 2. Zhao et al [26] constructed a small-scale tunnel model to investigate the combustion process involving two fire sources within a tunnel, focusing on the longitudinal TD below ceiling by altering the size and spacing of two identical fire sources. Based on these experimental results, they developed models to elucidate both the MT beneath the ceiling and the attenuation of longitudinal temperature.…”