The Burden of Influenza B: A Structured Literature Review

Glezen, W. Paul; Schmier, Jordana K.; Kuehn, Carrie M.; Ryan, Kellie; Oxford, John

doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.301137

Cited by 299 publications

(282 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…On a global average, influenza A virus accounts for ϳ75% of seasonal infections; the other ϳ25% is caused by influenza B virus (2). In addition, zoonotic influenza A viruses of swine or avian species create a risk for pandemics, such as occurred in 2009 (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Effects of T-705 (Favipiravir) and Ribavirin on Influenza Virus Replication and Viral RNA Synthesis

Vanderlinden

Vrancken

Houdt

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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c T-705 (favipiravir) is a new antiviral agent in advanced clinical development for influenza therapy. It is supposed to act as an alternative substrate for the viral polymerase, causing inhibition of viral RNA synthesis or virus mutagenesis. These mechanisms were also proposed for ribavirin, an established and broad antiviral drug that shares structural similarity with T-705. We here performed a comparative analysis of the effects of T-705 and ribavirin on influenza virus and host cell functions. Influenza virusinfected cell cultures were exposed to T-705 or ribavirin during single or serial virus passaging. The effects on viral RNA synthesis and infectious virus yield were determined and mutations appearing in the viral genome were detected by whole-genome virus sequencing. In addition, the cellular nucleotide pools as well as direct inhibition of the viral polymerase enzyme were quantified. We demonstrate that the anti-influenza virus effect of ribavirin is based on IMP dehydrogenase inhibition, which results in fast and profound GTP depletion and an imbalance in the nucleotide pools. In contrast, T-705 acts as a potent and GTP-competitive inhibitor of the viral polymerase. In infected cells, viral RNA synthesis is completely inhibited by T-705 or ribavirin at >50 M, whereas exposure to lower drug concentrations induces formation of noninfectious particles and accumulation of random point mutations in the viral genome. This mutagenic effect is 2-fold higher for T-705 than for ribavirin. Hence, T-705 and ribavirin both act as purine pseudobases but profoundly differ with regard to the mechanism behind their antiviral and mutagenic effects on influenza virus.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Effects of T-705 (Favipiravir) and Ribavirin on Influenza Virus Replication and Viral RNA Synthesis

Vanderlinden

Vrancken

Houdt

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Older patients are at increased risk for developing the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), likely reflecting increased severity of both pneumonia and sepsis, major risk factors for ARDS in elderly patients (7,8). Advanced age increases the risk for nontuberculous mycobacterial infections and venous thromboembolism, and an expanding body of literature describes a surprisingly high incidence and severity of asthma associated with airway remodeling in elderly patients (9)(10)(11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue Journal Conference. Aging and Susceptibility to Lung Disease

Thannickal

Murthy

Balch

et al. 2015

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

153

124

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The aging of the population in the United States and throughout the developed world has increased morbidity and mortality attributable to lung disease, while the morbidity and mortality from other prevalent diseases has declined or remained stable. Recognizing the importance of aging in the development of lung disease, the American Thoracic Society (ATS) highlighted this topic as a core theme for the 2014 annual meeting. The relationship between aging and lung disease was discussed in several oral symposiums and poster sessions at the annual ATS meeting. In this article, we used the input gathered at the conference to develop a broad framework and perspective to stimulate basic, clinical, and translational research to understand how the aging process contributes to the onset and/or progression of lung diseases. A consistent theme that emerged from the conference was the need to apply novel, systems-based approaches to integrate a growing body of genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data and elucidate the relationship between biologic hallmarks of aging, altered lung function, and increased susceptibility to lung diseases in the older population. The challenge remains to causally link the molecular and cellular changes of aging with age-related changes in lung physiology and disease susceptibility.

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“…Influenza B viruses primarily circulate in humans and do not cause pandemics. Nevertheless, the impact of influenza B virus infections on influenza-related morbidity and mortality is substantial and has exceeded that of influenza A viruses in some seasons (1)(2)(3). Until 1983, only one influenza B virus lineage was circulating in humans.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until 1983, only one influenza B virus lineage was circulating in humans. Since then, two lineages (Victoria, named after B/Victoria/2/1987, and Yamagata, named after B/Yamagata/16/ 1988) can be distinguished genetically and antigenically on the basis of their HA (1,3,4). Until 2000, one of these two lineages tended to dominate each season; however, since 2001 both influenza B virus lineages have been cocirculating in human populations each year (5,6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of high-yield influenza B virus vaccine viruses

Ping

Lopes

Kawaoka

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The burden of human infections with influenza A and B viruses is substantial, and the impact of influenza B virus infections can exceed that of influenza A virus infections in some seasons. Over the past few decades, viruses of two influenza B virus lineages (Victoria and Yamagata) have circulated in humans, and both lineages are now represented in influenza vaccines, as recommended by the World Health Organization. Influenza B virus vaccines for humans have been available for more than half a century, yet no systematic efforts have been undertaken to develop high-yield candidates. Therefore, we screened virus libraries possessing random mutations in the six “internal” influenza B viral RNA segments [i.e., those not encoding the major viral antigens, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase NA)] for mutants that confer efficient replication. Candidate viruses that supported high yield in cell culture were tested with the HA and NA genes of eight different viruses of the Victoria and Yamagata lineages. We identified combinations of mutations that increased the titers of candidate vaccine viruses in mammalian cells used for human influenza vaccine virus propagation and in embryonated chicken eggs, the most common propagation system for influenza viruses. These influenza B virus vaccine backbones can be used for improved vaccine virus production.

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The Burden of Influenza B: A Structured Literature Review

Cited by 299 publications

References 104 publications

Distinct Effects of T-705 (Favipiravir) and Ribavirin on Influenza Virus Replication and Viral RNA Synthesis

Distinct Effects of T-705 (Favipiravir) and Ribavirin on Influenza Virus Replication and Viral RNA Synthesis

Blue Journal Conference. Aging and Susceptibility to Lung Disease

Development of high-yield influenza B virus vaccine viruses

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