Development of high-yield influenza B virus vaccine viruses

Ping, Jihui; Lopes, Tiago J. S.; Kawaoka, Yoshihiro

doi:10.1073/pnas.1616530113

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…First of all, reassortant viruses must be adapted in eggs to produce high-yield candidate vaccine viruses. This process, combined with the need to screen the antigenicity of isolated strains, drastically increases the production time of influenza vaccines for the upcoming season [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Increased production time reduces the flexibility of the manufacturing process, necessitating the start of production long before the start of the season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efforts to Improve the Seasonal Influenza Vaccine

Harding

Heaton

2018

Vaccines

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Influenza viruses infect approximately 20% of the global population annually, resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths. While there are Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved antiviral drugs for combating the disease, vaccination remains the best strategy for preventing infection. Due to the rapid mutation rate of influenza viruses, vaccine formulations need to be updated every year to provide adequate protection. In recent years, a great amount of effort has been focused on the development of a universal vaccine capable of eliciting broadly protective immunity. While universal influenza vaccines clearly have the best potential to provide long-lasting protection against influenza viruses, the timeline for their development, as well as the true universality of protection they afford, remains uncertain. In an attempt to reduce influenza disease burden while universal vaccines are developed and tested, many groups are working on a variety of strategies to improve the efficacy of the standard seasonal vaccine. This review will highlight the different techniques and technologies that have been, or are being, developed to improve the seasonal vaccination efforts against influenza viruses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efforts to Improve the Seasonal Influenza Vaccine

Harding

Heaton

2018

Vaccines

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“…Usually, in a seasonal outbreak, as time goes on, vaccination population and natural infection population will simultaneously increase, and the immunized population against the circulating viruses will increase subsequently. A higher baseline of immunized population will inevitably produce a relative larger immune pressure to the temporary viruses; this may result in a pathogenic alternative of influenza B virus, for reasons of there are only two lineages of them so far [28–30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Debate on the compositions of influenza B in northern hemisphere seasonal influenza vaccines

Yang

Yan

et al. 2019

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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BackgroundAnnual influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza. Influenza vaccines have traditionally included the hemagglutinins (HA) and neuraminidases (NA) from the two A viruses (H1N1 and H3N2) and either B Yamagata or B Victoria. Mismatches between circulating isolates of influenza B and the vaccines are very common. Taking 2017/2018 winter in northern hemisphere as an example, this study was designed to find out the reasons for mismatch between the trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) and most of the epidemic isolates at that time, and to discuss if there are some optimized programs for seasonal influenza vaccines.MethodsHA and NA sequences of the seasonal isolates circulating from December 1, 2017 to February 28, 2018, and in the previously other 7 winters in northern hemisphere from Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) and the influenza database of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Phylogenetic trees and genetic distances were constructed or calculated by using MAFFT and MEGA 6.0 software.ResultsInfluenza B composition in the TIV recommendation mismatched most of circulating viruses in 2017/2018 winter; the vaccine strain was from the B/Victoria lineage, while most of epidemic isolates were from the B/Yamagata lineage. The epidemic lineage of influenza B reached its peak a little late in the previous winter might be responsible for this mismatch. During 2010–2018, the mean genetic distances between epidemic isolates of influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) and the vaccines were no higher than 0.02375 ± 0.00341 in both HA and NA. However, concerning influenza B virus, when forecasting done well, the mean genetic distances between epidemic isolates and the vaccines were no higher than 0.02368 ± 0.00272; otherwise, the distances could reach 0.13695 ± 0.00238.ConclusionWhen applying quadrivalent influenza vaccines (QIVs) for vaccination, the recommendations of compositions for influenza B could be altered and assessed once in 3 or 4 years; when economic burden was considered intensively and TIVs were utilized, the recommended compositions for influenza B could be announced in April or May, rather than in February or March as now.

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“…To address problems with low productivity, efforts have been made in two distinct areas: modification of the virus and amelioration of the cells in which it is produced. For virus modification, several sets of a vaccine backbone are prepared by optimizing the polymerase activity and efficiency of genome packaging and virion release of the influenza A or B vaccine viruses to achieve a high virus titer in MDCK and/or Vero cells [57][58][59][60] . A mutation that increases the fidelity of the virus polymerase may be useful for genetic stability of the virus for vaccine production 61,62 .…”

Section: Improvement Of Cell-based Vaccine Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%