The burden of cardiovascular diseases mortality in Europe: Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology on Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity Statistics in Europe

Cardiovascular Health among Adults in Syria: A Model from Developing Countries

“…Since we did not inquire about the date of death, we assumed a mid point-occurrence (2.5 years) for reported fatalities in order to calculate their contribution to the person-years within the 5-year observation period. Age adjusted annual death rates for the age group 45-74 years (n=1837) were calculated according to the WHO standard world population assuming equal gender distribution (25) to allow for comparison with other populations (26).…”

“…Compared to more developed countries, age-adjusted CVD mortality estimates of adults 45-74 years in Syria were higher than those reported in societies with notoriously high CVD burden. For example, stroke mortality rate among women in Syria (424 per 100,000) was higher than in the Ukraine (408 per 100,000) (26), signaling the gravity of this health problem among Syrian women. The predominance of CVD morbidity and mortality among men compared to women, with the exclusion of stroke, has been reported in other populations (3,26,(28)(29)(30)(31).…”

“…For example, stroke mortality rate among women in Syria (424 per 100,000) was higher than in the Ukraine (408 per 100,000) (26), signaling the gravity of this health problem among Syrian women. The predominance of CVD morbidity and mortality among men compared to women, with the exclusion of stroke, has been reported in other populations (3,26,(28)(29)(30)(31). Among Lebanese adults (> 50 years) for example, men have more than double the risk of dying from coronary heart disease compared to women, while women have about 60% increased risk of dying from stroke compared to men (30).…”

High probability of disease in angina pectoris patients: Is clinical estimation reliable?

“…In contrast, all our patients were systematically assessed by a single trained clinician whose judgment was in line with that of a professor in cardiology (17). Danish and American stable angina patients are perhaps not directly comparable, but importantly, patient characteristics have probably changed over the years (23,(33)(34)(35), with differences from country to country (35)(36)(37). Referral patterns may differ too.…”

Interaction of Olive Oil Phenol Antioxidant Components with Low-density Lipoprotein

“…H o w e v e r , t h e i n c i d e n c e i s v e r y d i f f e r e n t a m o n g d e v e l o p e d c o u n t r i e s , b e i n g t h e Mediterranean area, the one with the lowest rate (Sans et al, 1997;TunstallPodoe et al, 1999;Covas et al, 2001). Mediterranean countries consume high a m o u n t s o f f a t ( a t l e a s t 3 5 % o f consumed energy comes from fat) mainly as monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) present in olive oil (Serra-Majem, 1995).…”