The Briggs–Rauscher Reaction: A Demonstration of Sequential Spatiotemporal Patterns

Li, Zhuoxuan; Yuan, Ling; Liu, Mengfei; Cheng, Zhenfang; Zheng, Jinhua; Epstein, Irving R.; Gao, Qingyu

doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c00892

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…As suggested by Prigogine, the spontaneous appearance of a spatial organization via diffusion-driven instability can be considered as a spontaneous symmetry-breaking transition [38]. In the presented work, we deal with a bulk solution and there is no visible spatial organization, but the spatial organization (spatiotemporal patterns) of the identical process (state I→state II transition in Briggs-Rauscher reaction) in a thin layer, is very recently found by Li and coworkers [15]. Therefore, this work indirectly links spontaneous symmetry breaking and crazy-clock behavior (stochastic nature) in the bulk.…”

Section: The State I→state II Phenomenon and Its Relation To (Spontan...mentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Substitutions of chemicals are possible; different acids, organic substrates, and ions, such as Ce(III) instead of Mn(II) catalyst, can be used to generate BR oscillations [7][8][9][10]. However, the oscillatory behavior is not the only one that attracted the attention of non-linear scientists in the Briggs-Rauscher reaction [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking: The Case of Crazy Clock and Beyond

et al. 2022

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In this work, we describe the crazy-clock phenomenon involving the state I (low iodide and iodine concentration) to state II (high iodide and iodine concentration with new iodine phase) transition after a Briggs–Rauscher (BR) oscillatory process. While the BR crazy-clock phenomenon is known, this is the first time that crazy-clock behavior is linked and explained with the symmetry-breaking phenomenon, highlighting the entire process in a novel way. The presented phenomenon has been thoroughly investigated by running more than 60 experiments, and evaluated by using statistical cluster K-means analysis. The mixing rate, as well as the magnetic bar shape and dimensions, have a strong influence on the transition appearance. Although the transition for both mixing and no-mixing conditions are taking place completely randomly, by using statistical cluster analysis we obtain different numbers of clusters (showing the time-domains where the transition is more likely to occur). In the case of stirring, clusters are more compact and separated, revealed new hidden details regarding the chemical dynamics of nonlinear processes. The significance of the presented results is beyond oscillatory reaction kinetics since the described example belongs to the small class of chemical systems that shows intrinsic randomness in their response and it might be considered as a real example of a classical liquid random number generator.

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Section: The State I→state II Phenomenon and Its Relation To (Spontan...mentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking: The Case of Crazy Clock and Beyond

et al. 2022

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“…Since Alan Turing first proposed the theory of chemical pattern generation using a reaction-diffusion model in 1952, many studies have been conducted to study the generation of spatiotemporal patterns through chemical reactions. − Representative examples include the patterns formed during the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction , and the “blue bottle” reaction − reported in the 1960s. In particular, the latter has been frequently used for the demonstration of colored chemical pattern generation because it is nontoxic and easy for students to follow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Audible Sound Controlled Blue Bottle Experiment

et al. 2022

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The formation of chemical patterns is in general difficult to control due to the random diffusive motions of the reacting chemical species in solution. In this paper, we present a new method using audible sound to control the formation of chemical patterns obtained in blue bottle experiments. The waves generated on the surface of the solution by applying audible sound result in the nonuniform dissolution of atmospheric gases such as oxygen at the nodal and antinodal positions. On the basis of this phenomenon, the shapes of the patterns could be tuned according to the characteristics of the applied sound input, such as frequency and amplitude. This is an easy way for students to follow and control redox-responsive and pH-responsive chemical reactions in solution. The experiments involve chemicals that are mostly nontoxic and are easy to demonstrate since they involve common electronic gadgets (e.g., smartphones, Bluetooth speakers, etc.). These experiments provide interesting demonstration activities as well as a new understanding of utilizing audible sound for controlling chemical reactions.

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“…Representative examples include the waves and patterns formed in the Belousov−Zhabotinsky reaction, 10,12 Briggs− Rauscher reaction, 15 and "blue bottle" reaction. 14,16 The bromate−sulfite−ferrocyanide (BSF) reaction system is known as the pH-regulated oscillator and displays much more abundant nonlinear dynamical phenomena in an open reactor, such as large amplitude oscillations, spatiotemporal oscillations, traveling waves, and Turing-type patterns. 18−20 The mechanism for the BSF reaction can be described by the following six-step stoichiometric equations: 21,22 SO H HSO…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the reaction takes place in a liquid layer, the hydrodynamic convection which is generated by the spatial distribution of heat and mass due to the chemical reaction may also induce the dissipative structures, such as fingering fonts, hydrodynamic oscillations and waves, − and maze-like patterns . Chemists have been fascinated by the dissipative structures in chemical reaction systems and have introduced them to classroom demonstrations for undergraduates majoring in chemistry to attract students’ attention − because of their simple operation and easy repetition. Representative examples include the waves and patterns formed in the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, , Briggs–Rauscher reaction, and “blue bottle” reaction. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

pH Chemohydrodynamic Patterns Modulated by Sodium Polyacrylate in the Bromate–Sulfite–Ferrocyanide Reaction System

et al. 2022

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Nonlinear chemical reactions produce interesting chemohydrodynamic patterns in an unstirred medium, which act as interesting demonstrations to display the novel phenomena in a nonequilibrium chemical system. Here, we report new outreach experiments: pH chemohydrodynamic patterns modulated by sodium polyacrylate in the bromate–sulfite–ferrocyanide (BSF) reaction system. In an unstirred Petri dish, transient pH stripe patterns for a bromate–sulfite–ferrocyanide reaction system driven by proton autocatalysis and isothermal density-induced flow can be initiated in the center of approximately two-dimensional Petri dishes by adding a small amount of sulfuric acid solution with a certain concentration. Finally, the transient patterns are restored to the homogeneous high pH state due to proton negative feedback. The addition of sodium polyacrylate can not only lead to horizontal Marangoni flow for forming filamentary pH patterns but also decreases the diffusion of hydrogen ions, which results in a monotonic relationship between the pattern lifetime and polyacrylate concentration. Through these simple, lively and interesting experimental demonstrations, undergraduate students majoring in chemistry can realize the effect of transportations such as diffusion, density-induced flow, and Marangoni flow on complex pattern formation driven by a simple inorganic clock reaction.

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The Briggs–Rauscher Reaction: A Demonstration of Sequential Spatiotemporal Patterns

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking: The Case of Crazy Clock and Beyond

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking: The Case of Crazy Clock and Beyond

Audible Sound Controlled Blue Bottle Experiment

pH Chemohydrodynamic Patterns Modulated by Sodium Polyacrylate in the Bromate–Sulfite–Ferrocyanide Reaction System

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