The Breastfeeding in Adolescent Mothers

Abstract

ÖZETDünya Sağlık Örgütü, adölesan dönemini 10-19 yaşları arasındaki dönem olarak tanımlamakta ve dünyada her altı kişiden birinin adölesan olduğunu bildirmektedir. Bu dönemde gerçekleşen fiziksel ve psikolojik değişiklikler, madde bağımlılığı, korunmasız cinsel ilişki ve istenmeyen gebelikler gibi bazı riskli davranışlara neden olabilmektedir. Hem gelişmiş, hem de gelişmekte olan ülkelerde adölesan gebelikler önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Adölesan gebeliğin risk faktörleri, çok yönlü ve karmaşıktır. Abortus, erken doğum tehditi, gebelikte hipertansiyon, anemi, düşük doğum ağırlığı, konjenital anomali riski, artmış neonatal mortalite ve emzirme problemleri bunlar arasında sayılabilir. Birçok açıdan riskli bir dönemde olan adölesan anneler arasında emzirmeye başlama, emzirmeye devam etme oranlarının az olması da, anne ve bebeğin sağlığını olumsuz etkileyen ve göz ardı edilen önemli sorunlardandır. Düşük sosyoekonomik durum, partner yokluğu, sosyal destek yetersizliği, olumsuz anne ve eş desteği, ağrı, kültürel etkiler, bilgi eksikliği, olumsuz deneyimler, emzirme niyeti, emzirmeye ilişkin tutum ve öz-yeterlilik emzirmeyi etkileyen faktörler olarak belirtilmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Adölesan, annelik, emzirme ABSTRACTWorld Health Organization defined the adolescent period between the ages of 10-19 and declared that one out of every six people are adolescent. Physical and psychological changes in this period might cause risky behaviors such as drug abuse, sexual intercourse with no protection and unwanted pregnancy. Adolescent pregnancies are an important health problem in both developed and developing countries. Risk factors of adolescent pregnancy are complicated and miscellaneous. Abortus, threat of premature birth, hypertension in pregnancy, anemia, low weight of the newborn, congenital anomaly risk, increased neonatal mortality and breast feeding problems are some of them. For adolescent mothers, who are in a risky period for many aspects, low rates of starting and continuing breast feeding is another important and neglected problem affecting mother's and newborn's health negatively. Low socio-economic condition, absence of partner, inadequate social support, negative support of parents and couple, pain, cultural factors, lack of knowledge, negative experiences, breast feeding intention, manner regarding breast feeding and self-sufficiency were reported as factors affecting the breast feeding.

Perceptions of community health workers on teenage pregnancy in rural Limpopo: A qualitative study

“…Similarly, it has been reported that in South Africa, over 16 million girls aged 15–19, including one million under the age of 15, are giving birth, which is recognised as a severe public health issue. 6 , 7 , 8 Furthermore, the number of deliveries among South African girls aged 10–14 is said to have climbed by 48.7% from 2726 in 2017/2018 to 4053 in 2020/2021. 3 …”

“…4 health issue. 6,7,8 Furthermore, the number of deliveries among South African girls aged 10-14 is said to have climbed by 48.7% from 2726 in 2017/2018 to 4053 in 2020/2021. 3 The United Nations (2015) Sustainable Development Goal 3 (targets 3.1 and 3.7) prioritises the need to reduce maternal and child mortality rates.…”

Educational intervention for the maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding in adolescent mothers: A feasibility study

“…Studies have indicated that rates of initiation and duration of breastfeeding in adolescents are lower compared to adult mothers, and many of them breastfeed for less than 6 weeks (Işık & Cetişli, 2017; Nuampa et al., 2019). Also, it has been reported that between 15% and 18.7% of mothers under the age of 20 give breast milk exclusively for 6 months and only 5% until 1 year of age (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017; Martínez & Hermosilla, 2017), suggesting that between the first and second semesters of life a 45.6% reduction in the prevalence of breastfeeding among children of adolescents (Ferreira da was administered, Silva Junior et al., 2014).…”

“…Among the factors that affect the initiation, intention, and continuity of breastfeeding in adolescent mothers are insufficient social support from the mother and partner, socioeconomic disadvantages, negative attitudes and experiences, low level of knowledge and self‐efficacy, a perceived benefit of breastfeeding, cultural norms and prejudices, and nipple problems or discomfort including pain (Işık & Cetişli, 2017; Kanhadilok & McGrath, 2015; Leclair et al., 2015). In Colombia, some predictors of breastfeeding in young women have been reported, such as the newborn's hospitalization, the number of children, and pregnancy planning (Castillejo Padilla et al., 2022).…”

“…Teenage pregnancies are a public health problem worldwide (Işık & Cetişli, 2017). According to WHO, approximately 16 million women between the ages of 15 and 19 and 1 million girls under 15 give birth yearly (Hevia Bernal & Perea Hevia, 2020).…”