The brain-pituitary-adipocyte axis: role of leptin in modulating neuroendocrine function.

Cr, Barb

doi:10.2527/1999.7751249x

Cited by 74 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…A fall in leptin acts through the hypothalamus to increase appetite, decrease energy expenditure, and modify neuroendocrine function in a direction that favors survival. e consequences of falling leptin include suppression of reproduction, linear growth, and the thyroid axis, as well as activation of the stress axis Houseknecht and Portocarrero, 1998;Barb, 1999;Foster and Nagatani, 1999;Keisler et al, 1999;Flier et al, 2000;Ingvartsen and Boisclair, 2001;Delavaud et al, 2002). Multi-species, and later species-specific assay systems allowing the exact quantification of plasma leptin in various domestic mammals were developed only in the late nineties and at the beginning of this decade Chilliard et al, 1998;Barb et al, 1999;Amstalden et al, 2000;Delavaud et al, 2000;Ehrhardt et al, 2000;Kadokawa et al, 2000;Block et al, 2001;Chilliard et al, 2001;Delavaud et al, 2002).…”

Section: Basic Physiology Nutritional Factors Influencing Thyroid Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical endocrinology of thyroid gland function in ruminants

Huszenicza¹,

Kulcsár²,

Rudas³

2002

Vet. Med.

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After briefly introducing the basec steps in production and metabolism of thyroid hormones, the author gives an overview of nutritional, metabolic and disease related factors and endocrine interactions influencing thyroid gland function in ruminants, particularly in the postpartum dairy cow. Involvement of thyroid hormonal regulation of seasonal patterns of reproduction as well as ovarian endocrine function are discussed.Keywords: thyroxin; triiodothyronine; ovary; metabolism; ruminants Abbreviations: 5'D = 5'-deiodinase (syn.: outer-ring deiodinase); 5D = 5-deiodinase (syn.: inner-ring deiodinase); BHB = βOH-butyrate; E 2 = 17β-estradiol; FSH = follicle stimulating hormone; GH = growth hormone; GnRH = gonadotropin releasing hormone; hCG = human chorionic gonadotropin; IGF-I = insulin-like growth factor-I (syn.: somatomedin C); IL = interleukin; LH = luteinizing hormone; mRNA = messenger ribonucleic acid; NEB = negative energy balance; NEFA = non-esterified fatty acids; P 4 = progesterone; PVN = paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus; rT 3 = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (syn.: reverse-triiodothyronine); T 3 = 3,3',5-triiodothyronine; T 4 = thyroxine; TNFα = tumor necrosis factor-α; TRH = thyrotropin-releasing hormone; TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone (syn.: thyrotropin)

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Section: Basic Physiology Nutritional Factors Influencing Thyroid Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical endocrinology of thyroid gland function in ruminants

Huszenicza¹,

Kulcsár²,

Rudas³

2002

Vet. Med.

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“…It did not differ between M-RE and M-AL groups but was lower in M-RE sows (P < 0.05) and in M-AL sows (P = 0.07) than in H-AL sows. In sows which were fed 340 1 Number of observations = 8 for the three enzymes and adipocytes on both days. 2 Number of observations = 7 for the three enzymes and 6 for adipocytes on day 4; 6 for the three enzymes and 8 for adipocytes on day 25.…”

Section: Plasma Leptinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of feed intake during pregnancy and lactation on fat body reserve mobilisation, plasma leptin and reproductive function of primiparous lactating sows

et al. 2001

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-From day 23 of pregnancy, 24 gilts received either a medium (M, n = 16) or a high (H, n = 8) level of feeding calculated to meet 115% or 190% of energy for maintenance, respectively. During lactation, all H sows were fed ad libitum (H-AL) whereas M sows were fed either ad libitum (M-AL, n = 8) or were restricted (M-RE, n = 8) to the amount of feed ingested by H-AL sows. Increased feed intake during pregnancy increased live weight, backfat thickness, and estimated body lipid and protein on days 4 and 25 of lactation (P < 0.05). It also resulted in lower feed intake and higher lipid mobilisation during lactation (P < 0.05) without a detrimental influence on milk production. Activities of malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from neck fat samples were higher in H than M sows on day 4 (P < 0.05). They decreased during lactation in H sows (P < 0.05). Mean diameter of adipocytes decreased during lactation in the 3 groups (P < 0.05) but did not differ between groups on days 4 and 25. Plasma leptin on days 4, 11, 18 and 25 was higher in H than in M sows (P < 0.05) but was not influenced by lactational feed intake. Neither measured characteristics of gonadotrophin secretion on day 22, nor of ovarian activity on day 26, were significantly influenced by the level of feeding during pregnancy or lactation.

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“…Furthermore, leptin, reflecting the nutrition state, can act as a metabolic signal to the neurendocrine reproductive system which is sensitive to the energy stores. In fact, in different species, a regulatory role of Lep in the female and male reproductive processes has been reported through the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity (Barb, 1999;Foster and Nagatani, 1999;Ahima and Flier, 2000;Amstalden et al, 2000;Budak et al, 2006). The effects of Lep are mediated by its specific receptor (Ob-R) in target tissues.…”

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confidence: 99%

Leptin and Its Receptor Are Expressed in the Testis and in the Epididymis of Young and Adult Pigs

Rago

Aquila

Guido

et al. 2009

The Anatomical Record

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Recent studies indicated that leptin, a 16 kDa hormone, is a regulatory signal in human and rodent male reproduction. This work was designed to investigate the expression of leptin and its receptor in testes and epididymides from immature and mature pigs. Immunolocalization revealed that leptin and its receptor were confined only in the interstitial compartment of immature testes, whereas both proteins were detected in Leydig cells and within seminiferous tubules of mature gonads. The immunostaining of epididymal tissues showed that leptin was absent in the epithelial cells of immature pigs but it was present in all the three regions of mature epididymides, although with a minor signal in the cauda. Conversely, leptin receptor was observed in all the epithelial cells of both immature and mature epididymides. Western blot analysis of tissue extracts detected a 16 kDa band for leptin and five/six isoforms, ranging from 120 to 40 kDa, for leptin receptor. In conclusion, this work has identified, for the first time, leptin and leptin receptor in the testis and in the epididymis of the pig showing a differential cell-type expression pattern of the two proteins in young and adult animals. Therefore, our findings suggest a possible involvement of leptin in endocrine or autocrine/ paracrine control of porcine male reproductive structures. Anat Rec, 292:736-745, 2009. V V C 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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The brain-pituitary-adipocyte axis: role of leptin in modulating neuroendocrine function.

Cited by 74 publications

References 73 publications

Clinical endocrinology of thyroid gland function in ruminants

Clinical endocrinology of thyroid gland function in ruminants

Influence of feed intake during pregnancy and lactation on fat body reserve mobilisation, plasma leptin and reproductive function of primiparous lactating sows

Leptin and Its Receptor Are Expressed in the Testis and in the Epididymis of Young and Adult Pigs

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