The brain drain between knowledge-based economies: the European human capital outflow to the US

Tritah, Ahmed

doi:10.3917/ecoi.115.0065

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In other words, European high-skill emigration to the US is strongly biased towards the most highly quali…ed workers. An aggravating factor is that the return rates to all large European countries except the UK decreased during the 1990s (Tritah, 2008).…”

Section: Europe and The Global Competition For Talentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the same way that we asked whether the medical brain drain was responsible for Africa's bad health outcomes, we may ask whether the exodus of European scientists is to blame for Europe's poor record in research and development. A hint that the causality could well go the other way is given by Tritah (2008), who showed that European emigrants increasingly come from the occupations that matter the most for the knowledge economy (engineers, researchers and academic personnel) and that "countries that have increased their R&D spending more in proportion to their GDP are also those whose expatriation of scientists and engineers to the United States has increased the least". Based on an estimated supply and demand framework, Tritah found the brain drain to be a symptom of the lack of demand for high-skill labor in Europe.…”

Section: Europe and The Global Competition For Talentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Globalization, Brain Drain and Development

Docquier

Rapoport

2011

SSRN Journal

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This paper reviews four decades of economics research on the brain drain, with a focus on recent contributions and on development issues. We …rst assess the magnitude, intensity and determinants of the brain drain, showing that brain drain (or high-skill) migration is becoming the dominant pattern of international migration and a major aspect of globalization. We then use a stylized growth model to analyze the various channels through which a brain drain a¤ects the sending countries and review the evidence on these channels. The recent empirical literature shows that high-skill emigration need not deplete a country's human capital stock and can generate positive network externalities. Three case studies are also considered: the African medical brain drain, the recent exodus of European scientists to the United States, and the role of the Indian diaspora in the development of India's IT sector. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of the analysis for education, immigration, and international taxation policies in a global context.We thank three anonymous referees and the editors, Janet Currie and Roger Gordon, for their very helpful suggestions. The paper also bene…ted from interaction with seminar participants at

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Section: Europe and The Global Competition For Talentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Europe and The Global Competition For Talentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Globalization, Brain Drain and Development

Docquier

Rapoport

2011

SSRN Journal

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“…In recent years, for example, the problem of so-called "brain drain", i.e., the outflow of labour from less developed countries, has often been highlighted. The phenomenon may also cause income differences to widen and the pace of real convergence to decrease (Johnson, 1979;Tritah, 2008). Rodrik drew attention to strong convergence in the manufacturing industry and confirmed its existence on a large group of countries.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indebtedness and the pace of catching up in the CEE countries

Redo

Siemiątkowski

2022

Journal of International Studies

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The paper verifies the existence of the relationship between the economic growth – i.e., the main determinant of the catching up process – and the level of government, household and external debt (foreign liabilities). The comparative analysis of the correlation for CEE11 countries and EU14 countries confirms that the level of indebtedness is a strong determinant of economic growth, and thus of the catching up process. The authors confirmed the "unfair" relationship that high debts more severely constrain development in less credible developing countries, and that tolerance for public debt in developing countries has decreased in recent years. The results also show that in developing CEE countries – unlike in the case of developed countries – higher levels of foreign liabilities and their stronger growth turn out to be a hindrance to economic growth. Finally, it should be emphasized that the fact that the stronger increase in household liabilities was accompanied by higher average economic growth in the CEE countries in the analyzed period (as opposed to EU14 countries) should be treated as an important warning. Probably the relatively high (although noticeably lower than in the EU14 countries) and/or growing household debt in the CEE countries will also at some point begin to slow down their economic growth and the pace of the catching up process.

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“…Originally, however, the term developed in the early 1960s to describe the emigration of British scientists to the USA (Godwin et al 2009) and in recent years, this term became popular again to describe emigration from industrialised countries (e.g. Burkhauser et al 2016;Duch et al 2019;Gibson and McKenzie 2012;Siekierski et al 2018;Tritah 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Drain or Brain Circulation? Economic and Non-Economic Factors Driving the International Migration of German Citizens

Ette

Witte

2021

IMISCOE Research Series

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International movements by people from economically highly developed welfare states are a puzzle for the classic canon of migration theories, which generally focus on flows from less to more developed regions. Based on a simple theoretical framework linking largely disparate literatures on international and internal migration as well as the field of global work experience, this chapter provides an analysis of the emigration and remigration decisions of German citizens. Whereas the five theoretical dimensions-expected financial returns, job satisfaction, social capital, mobility capital, and employment in transnational professions-already explain much of the variance in the emigration decisions, the theoretical and empirical understanding of remigration decision-making processes remains a challenge. Contributing to recent debates about a brain drain from economically highly developed countries, this chapter provides evidence that the international migration of German citizens is best understood as brain circulation. Temporary migration dominates these international movements and emigrants are similar to remigrants along many theoretical dimensions. Although some indications for a potential loss of human capital caused by international migration do exist, they remain insignificant in light of Germany’s overall volume of international migration. Political debates about flows of people from highly developed countries should focus less on potential losses of human capital for national economies and more on the economic and non-economic returns international migration offers for individual life courses.

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The brain drain between knowledge-based economies: the European human capital outflow to the US

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Globalization, Brain Drain and Development

Globalization, Brain Drain and Development

Indebtedness and the pace of catching up in the CEE countries

Brain Drain or Brain Circulation? Economic and Non-Economic Factors Driving the International Migration of German Citizens

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