The bovine pituitary‐adrenocortical axis and milk yield

Kolk, Johannes H. van der

doi:10.1080/01652176.1990.9694253

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In that case, the cortisol concentration remains significantly higher than the basal concentration (Mormede et al, 2007;Kassahn et al, 2009;Brown and Vosloo, 2017), causing cumulative and negative effects for animals. In general, large amounts of exogenous glucocorticoids reduce milk yield (van der Kolk, 1990;Ollier et al, 2016;Ponchon et al, 2017). Indeed, other studies have shown that glucocorticoid administration was also associated with decreases in the immune response and failure of the HPA axis (Kassahn et al, 2009;Caroprese et al, 2010;Larzul et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although exogenous ACTH and glucocorticoid administration has been shown to decrease milk yield in cows (van der Kolk, 1990;Ollier et al, 2016;Ponchon et al, 2017) and ewes (Caroprese et al, 2010), and increase the SCC in milk in dairy ewes (Sevi et al, 2001a,b;Caroprese et al, 2010), the effects of ACTH and glucocorticoid administration on milk yield in goats remains ambiguous. Several authors have reported the absence of a negative effect of administering ACTH and glucocorticoid on the milk yield of dairy goats (Stewart and Thompson, 1984;Anderson et al, 1991;Shamay et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of acute stressors, adrenocorticotropic hormone administration, and cortisol release on milk yield, the expression of key genes, proliferation, and apoptosis in goat mammary epithelial cells

Bomfim

Merighe

Oliveira

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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Cortisol is essential to milk synthesis; however, different acute stressors and the exogenous administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) decrease milk yield. Therefore, the effect of cortisol on milk yield and its influence on the survival of mammary epithelial cells have not been fully elucidated. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cortisol on the expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF1), insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF1R), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 and 5 (IGFBP3 and IGFBP5), BAX, and BCL2 genes on the proliferation and apoptotic rates of mammary epithelial cells, and on milk yield in Saanen goats. In the present study, 3 experiments were conducted: (1) comparing the in vivo effects of first milking, vaccination, vermifugation, preventive hoof trimming, and the administration of ACTH or a placebo on cortisol release in dairy goats; (2) studying the in vivo effects of immediate increases in cortisol on the mammary gland of lactating goats; and (3) studying the in vitro effects of a prolonged increase in cortisol on mammary epithelial cells obtained from lactating goats. Cortisol release by goats increased significantly after ACTH administration compared with that observed after a placebo, and the cortisol profiles after first milking, vaccination, vermifugation, hoof trimming, and ACTH administration were similar. However, there was no effect of the immediate increase in cortisol in vivo on IGF-1 release, milk yield, milk quality, or the apoptosis and proliferation rates, nor was there any effect on the expression of the target genes. Furthermore, no interaction was observed between IGF-1 and cortisol in either the in vivo or in vitro experiments. However, the addition of cortisol in vitro significantly increased the expression of the GHR and IGF1R genes, which stimulate cell proliferation, and the BAX gene, which causes apoptosis. These contrasting results can explain why cortisol did not change the rates of proliferation or apoptosis in epithelial cells. Indeed, cortisol supplementation in vitro did not change the number or apoptotic rate of epithelial cells over the course of 5 d. Finally, further studies must be performed to understand the effect of cortisol on the expression of the GHR, IGF1R, and BAX genes by epithelial cells and the roles of these genes in milk synthesis during early lactation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of acute stressors, adrenocorticotropic hormone administration, and cortisol release on milk yield, the expression of key genes, proliferation, and apoptosis in goat mammary epithelial cells

Bomfim

Merighe

Oliveira

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…However, this temporary increase in milk yield lasted only 1 d and then decreased. The effect of cortisol on milk yield is controversial, as most information derives from exogenous ACTH/glucocorticoids administration (van der Kolk, 1990). However, stress and glucocorticoids may affect milk yield by different mechanisms (Silanikove et al 2000).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk cortisol response to group relocation in lactating cows

Pošćić

Gabai

Stefanon

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Research

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The aim of the study reported in this Research Communication was to analyse the variations of milk cortisol concentrations in response to the relocation of dairy cows between production groups. Milk cortisol measured during 3 consecutive days did not vary significantly in cows without environmental perturbation. However, relocation of cows caused a significant increase of cortisol in milk starting from the first milking after the group change. This suggests that cortisol in milk can be a suitable biomarker to assess the HPA response of dairy cows to a short/medium-term environmental challenge.

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“…Reducing the milk production of cows under acute nutritional stress decreases their energy deficit. Large doses of glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone inhibit milk synthesis (Braun et al, 1970;van der Kolk, 1990) and are sometimes used in cows under acute nutritional stress to temporarily reduce their milk production. However, glucocorticoids are potent immunosuppressors and increase the risk of infections (Roth and Kaeberle, 1982).…”

Section: Prolactin Inhibition As a Management Tool During Acute Nutritional Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Inhibition of prolactin as a management tool in dairy husbandry

Lacasse

Zhao

Vanacker

et al. 2019

Animal

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Accumulating evidence supports that the hormone prolactin (PRL) is galactopoietic in dairy ruminants. Accordingly, the inhibition of PRL secretion by the dopamine agonists quinagolide and cabergoline causes a sharp decline in milk production and could be useful in several critical periods. First, PRL inhibition may reduce the incidence during the periparturient period of metabolic disorders caused by the abrupt increase in energy demand for milk production. Metabolic disturbances can be lessened by reducing milk output by milking once a day or incompletely in the first few days of lactation. The injection of cows with quinagolide for the first 4 days of lactation reduced milk production during the first week of lactation without any residual effects. Blood glucose and calcium concentrations were higher and β-hydroxybutyric acid concentration was lower in the quinagolide-treated cows. Second, PRL inhibition may help sick or injured lactating cows, considering that they can fall into severe negative energy balance when they are unable to consume enough feed to support their milk production. This leads to a weakened immune system and increased susceptibility to diseases. When cows were subjected to feed restriction and were treated with quinagolide, the decrease in milk production was accelerated without any residual effects. The quinagolide-treated cows had higher glucose and lower β-hydroxybutyric acid and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations than the control cows did. Third, PRL inhibition may facilitate drying-off in high-yielding cows, because they are often dried off while still producing significant quantities of milk, which delays mammary involution and increases risk of mastitis. Therefore, strategies that reduce milk production before drying-off and accelerate mammary gland involution could be an important management tool. In this context, inhibition of PRL was utilised to accelerate mammary gland dry-off. Quinagolide decreased milk production within the first day of treatment, and both quinagolide and cabergoline induced more rapid changes in several markers of mammary gland involution after drying-off. In addition, quinagolide improved the animals’ resistance to intramammary infection. These results suggest that the inhibition of PRL could be a strategy for facilitating drying-off, reducing metabolic stress during the postpartum period, and alleviating acute nutritional stress during illness without compromising the overall productivity of dairy ruminants.

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The bovine pituitary‐adrenocortical axis and milk yield

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Effect of acute stressors, adrenocorticotropic hormone administration, and cortisol release on milk yield, the expression of key genes, proliferation, and apoptosis in goat mammary epithelial cells

Effect of acute stressors, adrenocorticotropic hormone administration, and cortisol release on milk yield, the expression of key genes, proliferation, and apoptosis in goat mammary epithelial cells

Milk cortisol response to group relocation in lactating cows

Review: Inhibition of prolactin as a management tool in dairy husbandry

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