The bone marrow as a source of laboratory studies

Use of intraosseous blood for repeated hematologic and biochemical analyses in healthy pigs

“…These analyses included determination of blood gas concentrations, blood typing, bacteriologic culture, and biochemical analyses. 28-34,i Results of blood typing and bacteriologic culture 29,33 from IO samples correlated well with those from venous blood samples. In addition, BUN, creatinine, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, sodium, chloride, phosphorous, potassium, and calcium concentrations in IO samples accurately reflected those in venous samples.…”

“…28,[31][32][33] Of the CBC variables evaluated, hemoglobin concentration and Hct were measured accurately from IO samples, whereas WBC and platelet counts were not. 30, 31,33 Results of our study were similar to these previous results. As described in other studies, 30,31 total and differential WBC counts were increased in IO blood, compared with venous blood.…”

“…39 In several previous studies in which IO needles were used for sample collection, histologic evaluation of bones was not reported. [28][29][30][31][32][33] However, results of other studies in which IO infusions were administered to humans and other animals revealed no histologic abnormalities, 18 decreased marrow cellularity, 10,37,j mild focal fibrosis, 9 or marrow degeneration and fat necrosis. 9 Because our technique did not involve infusions, medullary sclerosis and decreased cellularity were not expected.…”

The versatility of intraosseous vascular access in perioperative medicine: a case series

“…Importantly, the initial blood aspirated after intraosseous placement can be used to obtain accurate laboratory values to further aid in patient resuscitation. There is a significant correlation between intravenous and intraosseous samples for hemoglobin, hematocrit, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, blood cultures, and ABO/Rh typing [19][20][21]. Blood gas measurements are intermediate between expected arterial and venous values [1].…”

Analysis of thromboelastography, PT, APTT and fibrinogen in intraosseous and venous samples—an experimental study

“…Intraosseous access has been demonstrated to be a fast, reliable and safe method that permits administration of drugs and resuscitation fluids in various settings [6, 7]. In an emergency, questions may arise whether blood from an intraosseous catheter can also be used for laboratory analyses, and this has been the subject of some investigation [8, 9]. …”