Use of intraosseous blood for repeated hematologic and biochemical analyses in healthy pigs

Abstract

Repeated placement of 10 needles may be a safe and clinically useful method to obtain serial blood samples from domestic pigs, particularly when other vascular sites are not accessible. Intraosseous blood can be used for many of the tests comprising CBC and serum biochemical analyses.

Analysis of thromboelastography, PT, APTT and fibrinogen in intraosseous and venous samples—an experimental study

“…In this context, the lower MA might be partially explained by consumption of coagulation elements in the tube before starting the analysis. However, a lower platelet content in IO samples have been reported previously [13]. Also, the anticoagulant effect of heparin was more readily seen in the venous than in the IO samples when comparing analyses were performed on the same samples with and without heparinase.…”

ABO and D typing and alloantibody screening in marrow samples: relevance to intraosseous blood transfusion

“…This is underscored by several studies in which potassium measured from intraosseous blood samples has been significantly higher than in PB control samples. 11,12,[14][15][16][17][18]20 However, although hemolysis was observed in a significant portion of the BM samples analyzed in this study (probably partially due to the long preservation of the samples before analysis), this did not affect the interpretation of the analyses.…”

“…Several analytes, including blood gases, acid-base balance, chemistries, and electrolytes, have been reliably analyzed in intraosseous samples in previous studies. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of ABO and D typing as well as red blood cell (RBC) alloantibody screening in marrow (BM) samples utilizing standard manual column agglutination techniques.…”

Evaluation of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) ante-mortem diagnostic techniques

“…Collection from the anterior vena cava or the jugular vein were among the first methods described for swine and continue to be commonly used today [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . Collection from other vessels has also been described including the tail vessels (via insertion of a needle between the 4 th and 5 th or 5 th and 6 th coccygeal vertebrae) described in 1967 9 , collection from the orbital sinus (via insertion of pipette into the medial canthus of the eye) described in 1969 10 and various peripheral vessels including the ear vein 1 , cephalic vein 7 , saphenous 11 vein, the subcutaneous abdominal vein (cranial superficial epigastric vein) 12,13 and the femoral artery 14 . Additionally, intraosseous collection of blood has been researched 11 .…”

“…Collection from superficial vessels, such as ear vessels, is slow, generally contaminated and may lead to hematoma formation 6 . Intraosseous collection may result in an increased incidence of sample hemolysis, osteomyelitis and lameness 11 .…”