The bone formation in vitro and mandibular defect repair using PLGA porous scaffolds

Abstract

Highly porous scaffolds of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were prepared by solution-casting/salt-leaching method. The in vitro degradation behavior of PLGA scaffold was investigated by measuring the change of normalized weight, water absorption, pH, and molecular weight during degradation period. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were seeded and cultured in three-dimensional PLGA scaffolds to fabricate in vitro tissue engineering bone, which was investigated by cell morphology, cell number and deposition of mineralized matrix. The proliferation of seeded MSCs and their differentiated function were demonstrated by experimental results. To compare the reconstructive functions of different groups, mandibular defect repair of rabbit was made with PLGA/MSCs tissue engineering bone, control PLGA scaffold, and blank group without scaffold. Histopathologic methods were used to estimate the reconstructive functions. The result suggests that it is feasible to regenerate bone tissue in vitro using PLGA foams with pore size ranging from 100-250 microm as scaffolding for the transplantation of MSCs, and the PLGA/MSCs tissue engineering bone can greatly promote cell growth and have better healing functions for mandibular defect repair. The defect can be completely recuperated after 3 months with PLGA/MSCs tissue engineering bone, and the contrastive experiments show that the defects could not be repaired with blank PLGA scaffold. PLGA/MSCs tissue engineering bone has great potential as appropriate replacement for successful repair of bone defect.

Functionalizing PLGA and PLGA Derivatives for Drug Delivery and Tissue Regeneration Applications

“…[189] Ren et al studied the reconstructive functions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in PLGA scaffolds in mandibular defect of rabbit using as a control group PLGA scaffold alone and a blank group without scaffold. [190] The results showed that the PLGAMSCs could greatly promote cell growth with the defect completely recovered after 3 months, while in the other groups the defects could not be repaired. [190] Zigang et al studied the mechanical behavior of 3D printed PLGA scaffolds, their microenvironment, and the proliferation and differentiation of in vitro cultured human fetal osteoblasts on their surface, after 3 weeks.…”

“…[190] The results showed that the PLGAMSCs could greatly promote cell growth with the defect completely recovered after 3 months, while in the other groups the defects could not be repaired. [190] Zigang et al studied the mechanical behavior of 3D printed PLGA scaffolds, their microenvironment, and the proliferation and differentiation of in vitro cultured human fetal osteoblasts on their surface, after 3 weeks. [191] The mechanical characteristics of the PLGA scaffolds were found to be very similar to the ones of the trabecular bone, even if weaker compared to the cortical bone.…”

Modelling the degradation and elastic properties of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) films and regular open-cell tissue engineering scaffolds

“…Biodegradable polymers have been used widely to provide a three-dimensional structure that facilitates tissue regeneration and wound healing (Cheng et al, 2013;Harada et al, 2014;Ren et al, 2005;Uematsu et al, 2005). The degradation process of biodegradable polyesters such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is based on a hydrolytic reaction.…”

Poly(lactide- co -glycolide) porous scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

“…PLGA scaffolds were used to repair defects of other tissues such as bone [68,71,[76][77][78], liver [79], nerve [66,80], skin [81] and blood vessel [69,82]. Drugs or proteins especially growth factors or genes to express growth factors were also loaded into porous scaffolds, which could significantly improve the regeneration of new tissues [12,55,75,83,84].…”