The bone diagnostic instrument II: Indentation distance increase

Hansma, Paul K.; Turner, Patricia; Drake, B.; Yurtsev, Eugene; Proctor, Alexander; Mathews, Phillip; Lelujian, Jason; Randall, Connor; Adams, Jonathan D.; Jungmann, Ralf; Garza-de-Leon, Federico; Fantner, Georg E.; Mkrtchyan, Haykaz; Pontin, Michael G.; Weaver, Aaron S.; Brown, Morton B.; Sahar, Nadder D.; Rossello, Ricardo; Kohn, David H.

doi:10.1063/1.2937199

Cited by 82 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies using this device on bone have shown a high and significant correlation between reported indentation properties and modulus of toughness [15], fracture resistance [19], and crack growth toughness [13] determined using more traditional mechanical test approaches. These data provide some level of validation that indentation parameters from RPI correspond with mechanical variables from well-established mechanical testing methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel approach to evaluate the effect of medicaments used in endodontic regeneration on root canal surface indentation

Yassen¹,

Chu²,

Gallant³

et al. 2013

Clin Oral Invest

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Objectives: To investigate the capability of a novel reference point indentation apparatus to test the indentation properties of root canal surface dentine treated with three intracanal medicaments used in endodontic regeneration. Materials and Methods:Immature human premolars were selected (n=22). Four specimens were obtained from each root and randomly assigned to three treatment groups and a control group. Each specimen was exposed to one of three treatment pastes (triple antibiotic (TAP), double antibiotic (DAP), or calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH) 2 ] or neutral de-ionized water (control) for one or four weeks. After each time-interval, the indentation properties of the root canal dentine surfaces were measured using a BioDent reference point indenter. Two-way ANOVA and Fisher's Protected Least Significant Differences were used for statistical analyses.Results: Significant differences in indentation parameters and estimated hardness between all groups at both time points were found. TAP treated dentine had the highest significant indentation parameters, followed by DAP treated dentine, untreated control dentine and Ca(OH) 2 treated dentine, respectively. Furthermore, TAP treated dentine had the lowest significant estimated hardness, followed by DAP treated dentine, untreated control dentine and Ca(OH) 2 treated dentine, respectively. Conclusion: BioDent reference point indenter was able to detect significant differences in indentation properties of root canal dentine treated with various medicaments.Clinical Relevance: The use of a reference point indenter is a promising approach to characterize the indentation properties of root canal surfaces without any surface modification. This might provide an in vitro mechanical measurement that is more representative of the actual clinical situation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1B). These three indentation parameters were selected from various reference point indentation (RPI) outcomes because they were the most common parameters used in previous studies [12,13,15,18,19].…”

Section: Mechanical Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach to evaluate the effect of medicaments used in endodontic regeneration on root canal surface indentation

Yassen¹,

Chu²,

Gallant³

et al. 2013

Clin Oral Invest

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“…Recently, reference point indentation (RPI) was developed to enable assessment of bone mechanical properties in vivo. 1,2 This technique utilizes one of the two instruments to assess bone material-level properties: BioDent Hfc and OsteoProbe (ActiveLife Scientific, Santa Barbara, CA, USA). These instruments both indent the surface of bone in order to assess material properties, but they differ in a number of important details.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo reference point indentation measurement variability in skeletally mature inbred mice

Srisuwananukorn¹,

Allen²,

Brown³

et al. 2015

BoneKEy Reports

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Reference point indentation (RPI) was developed to measure material-level mechanical properties of bone in vivo. Studies using RPI in vivo have discriminated between human subjects with previous skeletal fractures and those without and among dogs given different anti-remodeling drugs. Recently, this technology was extended to rats, providing the first in vivo data for rodents. The goal of the present study was to perform in vivo RPI measurements in mice, the most common animal model used to study bone. Twelve 16-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were subjected to RPI (three tests) on the anterior tibia, followed by a repeat test session on the contralateral limb 28 days later. A custom MATLAB program was used to derive several outcome parameters from RPI force-displacement curves: first cycle indentation distance (ID-1st), ID increase (IDI), total ID (TID), first cycle unloading slope (US-1st) and first cycle energy dissipation (ED-1st). Data within an individual were averaged across the three tests for each time point. Within-animal variation of all RPI parameters on day 1 ranged from 12.8 to 33.4% and from 14.1 to 22.4% on day 28. Between-animal variation on day 1 ranged from 11.4% to 22.8% and from 7.5% to 24.7% on day 28. At both time points, within-and between-animals, US-1st was the least variable parameter and IDI was most variable. All parameters were nonsignificantly lower at day 28 compared with day 1. These data are important to demonstrate the feasibility of collecting bone material property data longitudinally in mice and will inform the design of future studies in terms of statistical power and appropriate sample size considerations.

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“…In a concerted effort to develop a reliable method to directly quantify fracture risk in living patients in a noninvasive manner, we have developed a new diagnostic instrument, the Reference Point Indentation Instrument [4] (RPI) (aka. Tissue Diagnostic Instrument [5], Bone Diagnostic Instrument [6][7][8], and Osteoprobe [9]) that uses a controlled indentation protocol to investigate the micro-mechanical response of the tibia to a defined loading regime. Clinical trials by Diez-Perez have shown the RPI to be successful at discriminating between patients with and without fragility fracture [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Freezing on the Mechanical Properties of Bone

Kaye¹,

Randall²,

Walsh³

et al. 2012

TOBONEJ

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Abstract:The serious health risks posed by bone fractures create a growing need for accurately diagnosing fracture risk. The Reference Point Indentation instrument (RPI) directly measures key mechanical properties in vivo to assess bone fracturability. There is a wealth of information that could be obtained from measuring cryopreserved bone samples with the RPI. Since it is unknown how freezing affects these key mechanical properties, measuring a cryopreserved sample gives no indication of the sample's original fracturability. Although there is research on how freezing affects the various mechanical properties of bone, this is the first paper to show how freezing effects the RPI's measurement of fracturability. Bovine femur and human tibia were tested using the RPI before freezing (-20°C, up to 20 days) and after thawing. The effect of freeze-thaw cycles varied depending on the type of the bone, but in most cases, was not measureable. When degradation did occur, the effect of freezing on the mechanical properties was smaller than the natural variation of those properties across a sample before freezing. Degradation of the mechanical properties, as measured by the RPI, was always found to be 15% or less. Subsequent freeze-thaw cycles had no effect on further degradation of the bone samples. In cases where degradation occurred, the effect from the twenty-day duration of freezing was negligible compared to the effects from phase-change. Furthermore, significant evidence was found supporting the theory that freezing degrades the organic components of the extracellular matrix.

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The bone diagnostic instrument II: Indentation distance increase

Cited by 82 publications

References 39 publications

A novel approach to evaluate the effect of medicaments used in endodontic regeneration on root canal surface indentation

A novel approach to evaluate the effect of medicaments used in endodontic regeneration on root canal surface indentation

In vivo reference point indentation measurement variability in skeletally mature inbred mice

The Effects of Freezing on the Mechanical Properties of Bone

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