The body experience of the triathlete: Uniting with nature and overcoming it

This must be the place: A destination-loyalty model for extreme sporting events

“…Self-enhancement is a positive feeling that is achieved when an experience makes participants feel better about themselves (Shoham et al, 2000;Verchère, 2017):…”

“…To that end, extreme sporting event experiences assume a relevant, symbolic meaning in terms of occasions for selfenhancement. During events, participants are highly motivated to push forward their personal limits (Shoham, Rose, & Kahle, 2000;Verchère, 2017), and these events assume a cathartic significance, evoking mental associations with concepts like freedom or self-improvement (Holm et al, 2017;Lyng, 2014).…”

“…In participants' quest for self-enhancement, extreme sporting events represent unique occasions for satisfying the search for sensations and reducing the discrepancy between the perceived and the desired self (Sedikides & Gregg, 2008). Based on edgework theory and sensation-seeking theory, successful extreme sporting experiences are those that make participants feel better about themselves, increase self-esteem, and provide feelings of selfenhancement overall (Shoham, Rose, & Kahle, 2000;Verchère, 2017).…”

Living on the edge: Psychological drivers of athletes’ intention to re-patronage extreme sporting events

“…The ability to confront increasing risks is highly rewarding for edgework individuals, who, if they succeed, perceive themselves as legitimate members of a small elite (Lyng & Matthews, 2007) who are blessed with an uncommon "survival instinct" (Laurendeau, 2006). Coherently, words such as independence, ideal self, self-fulfillment, and self-realization were recently found to be used by individuals to describe extreme sporting events Hardie-Bick & Bonner, 2016), where athletes are motivated to perform incremental efforts (e.g., in terms of distance covered) on a path toward reaching personal limits (Shoham, Rose, & Kahle, 2000;Verchère, 2017) and pushing them forward (Allman et al, 2009).…”

Faster! More! Better! Drivers of upgrading among participants in extreme sports events

“…The outcome sought (consciously or unconsciously) both by extreme athletes (Gyimóthy & Mykletun, 2004) and by individuals facing threatening events (Gupta & Bonanno, 2010) is self-enhancement, the coming closer to an ideal self. Coherently, words such as independence, ideal self, self-fulfillment, and self-realization were used by individuals to describe extreme sports events (Brymer & Mackenzie, 2016;Hardie-Bick & Bonner, 2016), where athletes are motivated to perform incremental efforts (e.g., in terms of distance covered) on a path to reaching personal limits (Shoham, Rose, & Kahle, 2000;Verchère, 2017).…”