2017
DOI: 10.4155/tde-2016-0067
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The Biopharmaceutical Classification System of Excipients

Abstract: The increasing number of new chemical entities is bringing new challenges to the field of drug delivery. These drugs present bioavailability issues that are frequently associated with intestinal metabolism or efflux mechanisms. Some excipients, particularly surfactants, have demonstrated a capacity to interfere with these mechanisms, improving drug bioavailability. Consequently, these excipients can no longer be considered as inert and should be subject to special considerations from a regulatory perspective. … Show more

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Cited by 33 publications
(30 citation statements)
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“…Furthermore, TPGS has been demonstrated with the capability to improve drug stability by inhibiting the CYP3A4 and CYP2C9-mediated metabolism 134 . In other studies, TPGS showed little inhibition effect on CYP3A activity 135 , 136 , which may be related to the dosage 137 . The TPGS formulations involve nanocrystals, nanosupensions, self-emulsifying/microemulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS/SMEDDS), solid dispersions/tablet, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), liposomes and micelles, TPGS emulsified nanoparticles and so on.…”
Section: Unmodified Tpgs Based Formulationsmentioning
confidence: 77%
“…Furthermore, TPGS has been demonstrated with the capability to improve drug stability by inhibiting the CYP3A4 and CYP2C9-mediated metabolism 134 . In other studies, TPGS showed little inhibition effect on CYP3A activity 135 , 136 , which may be related to the dosage 137 . The TPGS formulations involve nanocrystals, nanosupensions, self-emulsifying/microemulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS/SMEDDS), solid dispersions/tablet, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), liposomes and micelles, TPGS emulsified nanoparticles and so on.…”
Section: Unmodified Tpgs Based Formulationsmentioning
confidence: 77%
“…It is recognised that some pharmaceutical excipients that are commonly used in medicines and categorised as generally-regarded-as-safe by medicines regulatory agencies may exert unanticipated effects on drug permeability [12][13][14] . A number of permeation-enhancing mechanisms have been postulated including direct or indirect interference with membrane integrity, and interactions with enzymes or transporters, e.g.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ivermectin besitzt einen logP-Wert von 4,1 und ist somit gut fett-, aber nicht wasserlöslich. Durch eine systemische Bioverfügbarkeit von 50–60 % ergibt sich für diesen Stoff gemäß Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) deshalb die Einordnung in die BCS-Klasse IV [ 14 , 15 ]. Durch die Anwendung von Ivermectin in gelöster Form lässt sich dessen systemische Bioverfügbarkeit deutlich erhöhen [ 16 ].…”
Section: Materials Und Methodenunclassified