The Bionomics of Leafhoppers

Abstract

The recent publication of the Metcalf catalogue of world Cicadelloidea (128) listed 4378 species, placed in 591 genera and 54 subgenera. These were assigned to the following 17 different families: Tettigellidae, Hylici dae, Gyponidae, Ledridae, Ulopidae, Evacanthidae, Nirvanidae, Aphrodidae, Hecalidae, Euscelidae, Coelidiidae, Eurymclidae, Macropsidae, Agalliidae, Iassidae, Idioceridae, and Cicadellidae. The catalogue includes all of the lit erature on the leafhoppers to 1942. Since that time at least 1200 additional species and 100 additional genera have been described. The world literature at the present time therefore covers some 5500 to 6000 species and probably 700 or more genera.Morphological characters have been used predominantly for the classifi cation of the leafhoppers, particularly the type, form, and venation of wings, structures of the head and crown, position of the ocelli, general shape of the body, and the genital structures of both sexes. The character of the structures of the male genital chamber, the styles, aedeagus, connective, plates, pygofer, and the apodemes on the anterior portion of the abdomen have been used especially for the separation of species. In most groups these characters are excellent for specific identification. In a few groups, Oncop sis Burmeister, for instance, they have proved to be of little or no value. ISOLATED POPULATIONS, MUTANTS AND SPECIES CONCEPTSCertain species of leafhoppers such as Macrosteles fascifrons have a wide geographical range through different life zones extending from Mex ico and Puerto Rico to Alaska, from tropical to arctic habitats. As now rec ognized by taxonomists, this species is a complex of genetic mutants rang ing in size from 2.0 to 5.1 mm and occurring on a great variety of host plants. Economic and ecologic studies have revealed isolated popUlations of this species which were biologically, ecologically, or physiologically specific but could not be separated morphologically. Beirne (6), after a detailed study of all of the material in the genus Ma cyosteles, has affirmed that physiologic species and isolated ecologic popula tions undoubtedly exist and that the progeny of certain populations are sed entary, which would favor isolation. Severin (180) failed in his attempt to mate a long-winged form from the Montara Mountains of California with a short-winged form from the eastern United States. With the exception of the wing condition these were not different morphologically. The occur-179 6007 Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1971.16:179-210. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by Michigan State University Library on 02/07/15. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS

Seasonal Occurrence and Abundance of Beet Leafhopper in the Potato Growing Region of Washington and Oregon Columbia Basin and Yakima Valley

“…The beet leafhopper has been widely studied in California, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, New Mexico, Utah, and Arizona, particularly because of its unique association with the curly top virus disease (Hills 1937;Cook 1941Cook , 1967Lawson et al 1951;DeLong 1971;Thomas and Martin 1971;Capinera 2001). Hills (1937) conducted an extensive study of the beet leafhopper in the central Columbia River region of Oregon and Washington.…”

Leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) Associated with Potatoes in Alaska: Species Composition, Seasonal Abundance, and Potential Phytoplasma Vectors

“…1-3), suggests that the cicadellids in Alaska may overwinter as adults and migrate to the potato fields soon after crop emergence. However, one of the species collected in our study, M. fascifrons, is known for long distance migrations (DeLong 1971;Radcliffe 1982). The Alaska potato season starts as early as late May; therefore, insect migration from the south is a possibility and a hypothesis that should be tested.…”

“…The Alaska potato season starts as early as late May; therefore, insect migration from the south is a possibility and a hypothesis that should be tested. Beirne (1956), DeLong (1971), Radcliffe (1982), Golino et al (1989), Hamilton (1997), and Munyaneza et al (2006Munyaneza et al ( , 2007Munyaneza et al ( , 2008 provide information on host plant biology, migration, overwintering, and host plant preferences for several leafhopper species associated with potatoes in the USA. However, research is needed to better understand their association with the potato crop and their role in disease transmission and development.…”

Mycoplasma and allied diseases of forest trees in India and vector-host-pathogen interactions

“…The hypertrophy of the affected plant cells around the site of puncture is attributed to injection of salivary secretion. The mechanical injury caused during puncturing disorganises the plant tissues which often results in clogging and isolation of vascular bundles (Delong 1971).…”