The Biology of Cancer Exosomes: Insights and New Perspectives

Ruivo, Carolina F.; Adem, Bárbara; Silva, Miguel G.; Melo, Sónia A.

doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0994

Cited by 439 publications

(330 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(101 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

325

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Exosomes, which arise from the endosomal pathway, and microvesicles have been reported to transport mRNAs, ncRNAs, including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, as a mechanism of intercellular communication (Kim et al 2017a). Cancer exosomes modulate the immune response and the tumor environment locally and at a distance, i.e., metastasis to secondary sites, by horizontal cargo transfer to recipient cells (Ruivo, et al 2017). In a recent study, isolated exosomes from tamoxifen-resistant LCC2 BCa cells were shown to contain ~25-fold higher lncRNA UCA1 compared to parental MCF-7 cells and incubation of MCF-7 cells with exosomes from LCC2 cells resulted in decreased growth inhibition by tamoxifen ), although no uptake of UCA1 or other lncRNAs or miRNAs was examined.…”

Section: Lncrnas In Circulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-coding RNAs: long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs in endocrine-related cancers

Klinge

2018

Endocrine-Related Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The human genome is 'pervasively transcribed' leading to a complex array of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that far outnumber coding mRNAs. ncRNAs have regulatory roles in transcription and post-transcriptional processes as well numerous cellular functions that remain to be fully described. Best characterized of the 'expanding universe' of ncRNAs are the ~ 22 nucleotide microRNAs (miRNAs) that base-pair to target mRNA's 3' untranslated region within the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and block translation and may stimulate mRNA transcript degradation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are classified as >200 nucleotides in length, but range up to several kb and are heterogeneous in genomic origin and function.LncRNAs fold into structures that interact with DNA, RNA, and proteins to regulate chromatin dynamics, protein complex assembly, transcription, telomere biology, and splicing. Some lncRNAs act as sponges for miRNAs and decoys for proteins. Nuclear-encoded lncRNAs can be taken up by mitochondria and lncRNAs are transcribed from mtDNA. Both miRNAs and lncRNAs are dysregulated in endocrine cancers. This review provides an overview on the current understanding of the regulation and function of selected lncRNAs and miRNAs, and their interaction, in endocrine-related cancers: breast, prostate, endometrial, and thyroid.

show abstract

Section: Lncrnas In Circulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-coding RNAs: long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs in endocrine-related cancers

Klinge

2018

Endocrine-Related Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A multitude of different effects of exosomes was reported. In cancer, exosomes reprogram tissue to allow growth of metastases, act as decoys to escape the immune system, or spread factors conferring resistance to drugs used in chemotherapy (Chiarugi & Cirri, 2016; Desrochers et al, 2016; Dorsam, Reiners, & von Strandmann, 2018; Dreyer & Baur, 2016; Kahlert & Kalluri, 2013; Kalluri, 2016; Ruivo, Adem, Silva, & Melo, 2017; S, Mager, Breakefield, & Wood, 2013; M. Silva & Melo, 2015; Steinbichler, Dudas, Riechelmann, & Skvortsova, 2017; Weidle, Birzele, Kollmorgen, & Ruger, 2017; H.…”

Section: Got Exosomes: What’s (Really) In Your Prep?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceramide and Exosomes: A Novel Target in Cancer Biology and Therapy

Elsherbini

Bieberich

2018

Advances in Cancer Research

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exosomes are secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry micro RNAs and other factors to reprogram cancer cells and tissues affected by cancer. Exosomes are exchanged between cancer cells and other tissues, often to prepare a premetastatic niche, escape immune surveillance, or spread multidrug resistance. Only a few studies investigated the function of lipids in exosomes, although their lipid composition is different from that of the secreting cells. Ceramide is one of the lipids critical for exosome formation and it is also enriched in these EVs. New research suggests that lipids in the exosomal membrane may organize and transmit “mobile rafts” that turn exosomes into extracellular signalosomes spreading activation of cell signaling pathways in oncogenesis and metastasis. Ceramide may modulate the function of mobile rafts and their effect on these cell signaling pathways. The critical role of lipids and in particular, ceramide for formation, secretion, and function of exosomes may lead to a radically new understanding of cancer biology and therapy.

show abstract

“…Exosomes are small, 30‐100 nm membrane‐bound vesicles, secreted by virtually all cell types including tumor cells (Ruivo, Adem, Silva, & Melo, 2017; Wahlgren et al, 2012). They are believed to partake in cellular communications through delivering their contents to the recipient cells, such as functional proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs; Nakamura et al, 2017; Samanta et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microenvironment‐induced TIMP2 loss by cancer‐secreted exosomal miR‐4443 promotes liver metastasis of breast cancer

Wang

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Journal Cellular Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We aimed to investigate the role of exosomal miR‐4443 in metastasis of breast cancer (BCa). In vitro wound‐healing assay and transwell invasion assay were used to investigate effect of miR‐4443 on BCa cells. Animal experiments were performed to confirm its effects in vivo. miR‐4443 promotes the metastasis of BCa cells through downregulating tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) and upregulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Highly invasive BCa cells have a higher expression of miR‐4443 in both cells and exosomes. The exosomes derived from highly invasive BCa cells mainly gather in the primary tumor and liver. In vivo, overexpression of miR‐4443 in noninvasive BCa cells induces liver metastasis, accompanied with downregulated TIMP2, and upregulated MMP‐2 in both the primary tumor and liver. When we armed MCF‐10A exosomes with miR‐4443 inhibitors to treat mice bearing high‐miR‐4443 tumors, exosomes accumulated in the primary tumor, and liver following the upregulation of TIMP2 and downregulation of MMP2, and the metastasis was inhibited. Highly invasive BCa cells destroy natural barriers against metastasis by delivering exosomal miR‐4443 to stromal cells of the primary tumor and impairing TIMP2, consequently activating MMP; circulating exosomal miR‐4443 might promote BCa cells lodging in future metastatic sites through the similar mechanisms.

show abstract

The Biology of Cancer Exosomes: Insights and New Perspectives

Cited by 439 publications

References 82 publications

Non-coding RNAs: long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs in endocrine-related cancers

Non-coding RNAs: long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs in endocrine-related cancers

Ceramide and Exosomes: A Novel Target in Cancer Biology and Therapy

Microenvironment‐induced TIMP2 loss by cancer‐secreted exosomal miR‐4443 promotes liver metastasis of breast cancer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About