The biology of biofouling diatoms and their role in the development of microbial slimes

Molino, Paul J.; Wetherbee, Richard

doi:10.1080/08927010802254583

Cited by 262 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Cocconeis exhibits a heterovalvar morphology, each frustule being composed of a rapheless valve [exhibiting a sternum (¼ pseudoraphe)] and a raphe valve. This type of morphology is described as being 'monoraphid' (Kobayasi & Nagumo, 1985;Round et al, 1990;De Stefano & Romero, 2005;Molino & Wetherbee, 2008). One of the most important characters of Cocconeis and related genera is the structure of the cingulum (Holmes et al, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of a new marine diatom,Cocconeis caulerpacola sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), epiphytic on invasiveCaulerpaspecies

Car

Witkowski

Dobosz

et al. 2012

European Journal of Phycology

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A new species of Cocconeis has been found growing on thalli of the invasive green alga Caulerpa taxifolia collected from the Croatian Adriatic Sea (Bay of Stari Grad, the Island of Hvar, Central Adriatic, Croatia), the coasts of the Mediterranean (Saint Raphae¨l, west of Cannes, France) and the eastern coast of Australia (Moreton Bay, southeast Queensland). Additionally, it was observed on samples of Caulerpa racemosa, another invasive alga in the Mediterranean. Preserved thalli of Caulerpa and cleaned material of the new diatom were studied by light and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The morphology and fine structure of the new marine epiphytic diatom, for which we propose the name Cocconeis caulerpacola Witkowski, Car & Dobosz, was determined, including the internal and external structure of the raphe and sternum valve, and the cingulum. Comparison between the new species and three closely related species, C. borbonica, C. diruptoides and C. pseudodiruptoides, was made using material from our samples, as well as material from Vis (Adriatic Sea) obtained from the Hustedt collection. Surprisingly, C. caulerpacola is able to colonize Caulerpa taxifolia in very high abundance, but its occurrence seems to be strongly patchy. Indeed, it seems that C. taxifolia is a suitable host for epiphytic diatoms, in particular this tiny Cocconeis, despite its reputation as a 'killer seaweed'. Cocconeis caulerpacola was observed on Caulerpa species in varying abundance over a wide geographical range.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of a new marine diatom,Cocconeis caulerpacola sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), epiphytic on invasiveCaulerpaspecies

Car

Witkowski

Dobosz

et al. 2012

European Journal of Phycology

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“…Diatoms are unicellular algae in which the protoplast is enclosed in a silica case (the frustule) composed of overlapping halves or 'valves'. Adhesion of raphid diatoms is a complex process that is mediated by the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), comprising a range of proteoglycans, through one or two slits in the silica cell wall called raphes (see review by Molino and Wetherbee 2008). Contact with the substratum initiates a number of processes that facilitate primary adhesion and gliding motility (Molino and Wetherbee 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barnacle settlement and the adhesion of protein and diatom microfouling to xerogel films with varying surface energy and water wettability

et al. 2010

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Previous work has shown that organosilica-based xerogels have the potential to control biofouling. In this study, modifications of chemistry were investigated with respect to their resistance to marine slimes and to settlement of barnacle cyprids. Adhesion force measurements of bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips to xerogel surfaces prepared from aminopropylsilyl-, fluorocarbonsilyl-, and hydrocarbonsilylcontaining precursors, indicated that adhesion was significantly less on the xerogel surfaces in comparison to a poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomer (PDMSE) standard. The strength of adhesion of BSA on the xerogels was highest on surfaces with the highest and the lowest critical surface tensions, g C and surface energies, g S , and duplicated the 'Baier curve'. The attachment to and removal of cells of the diatom Navicula perminuta from a similar series of xerogel surfaces were examined. Initial attachment of cells was comparable on all of the xerogel surfaces, but the percentage removal of attached cells by hydrodynamic shear stress increased with g C and increased wettability as measured by the static water contact angle, y Ws , of the xerogel surfaces. The percentage removal of cells of Navicula was linearly correlated with both properties (R 2 ¼ 0.74 for percentage removal as a function of y Ws and R 2 ¼ 0.69 for percentage removal as a function of g C ). Several of the aminopropylsilyl-containing xerogels showed significantly greater removal of Navicula compared to a PDMSE standard. Cypris larvae of the barnacle B. amphitrite showed preferred settlement on hydrophilic/higher energy surfaces. Settlement was linearly correlated with y Ws (R 2 ¼ 0.84) and g C (R 2 ¼ 0.84). Hydrophilic xerogels should prove useful as coatings for boats in regions where fouling is dominated by microfouling (protein and diatom slimes).

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“…The attached diatoms played a signifi cant role in the development of the subsequent macrofouling community (Joint et al, 2002;Huang et al, 2007;Qian et al, 2007). Only a few studies have focused on the community of biofi lm diatoms in the marine environment (Molino and Wetherbee, 2008;Sweat and Johnson, 2013). Recent reports covered the infl uence of substrate properties and anti-fouling coatings on the diatom community (Cao et al, 2011;Dobretsov and Thomason, 2011;Zargiel et al, 2011;Dobretsov et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, diatoms play very important roles in the settlement of fouling animals. Previous studies have also shown that antifouling coatings that were once effective against most fouling organisms now largely fail to inhibit diatom settlement (Molino and Wetherbee, 2008). Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to the study of fouling diatom community structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variations in fouling diatom communities on the Yantai coast

Yang

Wang

et al. 2014

Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol.

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Fouling diatoms are a main component of biofi lm, and play an important role in marine biofouling formation. We investigated seasonal variations in fouling diatom communities that developed on glass slides immersed in seawater, on the Yantai coast, northern Yellow Sea, China, using microscopy and molecular techniques. Studies were conducted during 2012 and 2013 over 3, 7, 14, and 21 days in each season. The abundance of attached diatoms and extracellular polymeric substances increased with exposure time of the slides to seawater. The lowest diatom density appeared in winter and the highest species richness and diversity were found in summer and autumn. Seasonal variation was observed in the structure of fouling diatom communities. Pennate diatoms Cylindrotheca , Nitzschia , Navicula , Amphora , Gomphonema , and Licmophora were the main fouling groups. Cylindrotheca sp. dominated in the spring. Under laboratory culture conditions, we found that Cylindrotheca grew very fast, which might account for the highest density of this diatom in spring. The lower densities in summer and autumn might result from the emergence of fouling animals and environmental factors. The Cylindrotheca sp. was identifi ed as Cylindrotheca closterium using18S rDNA sequencing. The colonization process of fouling diatoms and signifi cant seasonal variation in this study depended on environmental and biological factors. Understanding the basis of fouling diatoms is essential and important for developing new antifouling techniques.

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The biology of biofouling diatoms and their role in the development of microbial slimes

Cited by 262 publications

References 67 publications

Description of a new marine diatom,Cocconeis caulerpacola sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), epiphytic on invasiveCaulerpaspecies

Description of a new marine diatom,Cocconeis caulerpacola sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), epiphytic on invasiveCaulerpaspecies

Barnacle settlement and the adhesion of protein and diatom microfouling to xerogel films with varying surface energy and water wettability

Seasonal variations in fouling diatom communities on the Yantai coast

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