The Biology and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses

The Biology of Coronaviruses

“…Coronavirus-like agents reported from foals (Bass & Sharpee, 1975), non-human primates (Smith et al, 1982), rabbits (Small et al, 1979;Lapierre et al, 1980) and other animals (see Macnaughton & Davies, 1981) require further identification, as do isolates recovered from mouse tissues after inoculation with material from human brain (Burks et al, 1980) or shearwaters (Nuttall & Harrap, 1982). Earlier reports of coronavirus isolates from parrot and ticks.are probably incorrect (Hirai et al, 1982;Wege et al, 1982).…”

“…Fig. 2 shows a schematic model of the MHV coronavirion and the relationship of its RNA and protein components (Callebaut & Pensaert, 1980;Cavanagh, 1981 ;Dennis & Brian, 1982;Garwes & Reynolds, 1981 ;Holmes et al, 1981 ;King & Brian, 1982;Lai & Stohlman, 1981 b;Laporte & Bobulesco, 1981 ;Lomniczi & Morser, 1981 ;Niemann & Klenk, 1981a;Obert et al, 1981;Rottier et al, 1981a, b;Schmidt, 1982;Schmidt & Kenny, 1982;Schochetman et al, 1977;Siddell, 1982;Siddell et al, 1981 a, b;Stohlman & Lai, 1979;Storz et al, 1981a;Sturman et al, 1980;Tannock & Hierholzer, 1978).…”

“…is co-translationally glycosylated at the rough endoplasmic reticulum and subsequently modified to yield virion proteins by oligosaccharide processing, elongation and proteolytic cleavage during transfer through the Golgi apparatus. The coronavirus envelope proteins will provide useful models for the investigation of synthesis, glycosylation and intracellular transport of both N-and O-linked glycoproteins (Anderson et al, 1979;Bond et al, 1981 ;Cheley & Anderson, 1981 ;Collins et al, 1982;Gerdes et al, 198l ;Holmes et al, 1981 ;Niemann & Klenk, 198 lb;Niemann et al, 1982;Rottier etal., 1981a, b;Siddell, 1982;Siddell et al, 1980Siddell et al, , 1981aSiddell et al, , b, 1982Stern et al, 1981).…”

“…The group was originally recognized on the basis of a characteristic virion morphology (Tyrrell et al, 1968), but can now be defined by biological and molecular criteria. Various aspects of coronavirus biology have been dealt with in recent reviews (Robb & Bond, 1979;Siddell et al, 1982;Wege et al, 1982).…”

No evidence for quasispecies populations during persistence of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus JHM: sequence conservation within the surface glycoprotein gene S in Lewis rats.

“…This view is supported by experimental and clinical data obtained in a number of virus-host systems (Holland, 1992 ;Vartanian et al, 1992 ;Domingo et al, 1993). Coronaviridae are enveloped viruses with a 28-31 kb singlestranded RNA genome which cause various diseases of economic importance both in animals and humans (Wege et al, 1982 ;Kyuwa & Stohlman, 1990 ;Siddell, 1995). The virion particle is composed of up to five major structural proteins.…”