No evidence for quasispecies populations during persistence of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus JHM: sequence conservation within the surface glycoprotein gene S in Lewis rats.

Stühler, Albert; Flory, Egbert; Lassmann, H.; Wege, H.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-78-4-747

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…However, no specific mutation was necessary for the establishment of in vivo persistence (66), even though a variety of mutations in the N and S genes was observed in mice, suggesting the development of quasispecies (66). On the other hand, during a persistent infection of rats by MHV, the S gene was reported to be stable, arguing in this case against the emergence of quasispecies (75). The generation of diverse genomic populations during a persistent infection could depend on host factors, explaining differences observed between mice and rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Acute and Persistent Infection of Human Neural Cell Lines by Human Coronavirus OC43

Arbour

Côté

Lachance

et al. 1999

J Virol

162

136

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Human coronaviruses (HuCV) are recognized respiratory pathogens. Data accumulated by different laboratories suggest their neurotropic potential. For example, primary cultures of human astrocytes and microglia were shown to be susceptible to an infection by the OC43 strain of HuCV (A. Bonavia, N. Arbour, V. W. Yong, and P. J. Talbot, J. Virol. 71:800–806, 1997). We speculate that the neurotropism of HuCV will lead to persistence within the central nervous system, as was observed for murine coronaviruses. As a first step in the verification of our hypothesis, we have characterized the susceptibility of various human neural cell lines to infection by HuCV-OC43. Viral antigen, infectious virus progeny, and viral RNA were monitored during both acute and persistent infections. The astrocytoma cell lines U-87 MG, U-373 MG, and GL-15, as well as neuroblastoma SK-N-SH, neuroglioma H4, oligodendrocytic MO3.13, and the CHME-5 immortalized fetal microglial cell lines, were all susceptible to an acute infection by HuCV-OC43. Viral antigen and RNA and release of infectious virions were observed during persistent HuCV-OC43 infections (∼130 days of culture) of U-87 MG, U-373 MG, MO3.13, and H4 cell lines. Nucleotide sequences of RNA encoding the putatively hypervariable viral S1 gene fragment obtained after 130 days of culture were compared to that of initial virus input. Point mutations leading to amino acid changes were observed in all persistently infected cell lines. Moreover, an in-frame deletion was also observed in persistently infected H4 cells. Some point mutations were observed in some molecular clones but not all, suggesting evolution of the viral population and the emergence of viral quasispecies during persistent infection of H4, U-87 MG, and MO3.13 cell lines. These results are consistent with the potential persistence of HuCV-OC43 in cells of the human nervous system, accompanied by the production of infectious virions and molecular variation of viral genomic RNA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Acute and Persistent Infection of Human Neural Cell Lines by Human Coronavirus OC43

Arbour

Côté

Lachance

et al. 1999

J Virol

162

136

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“…A controversy has arisen in recent scientific publications concerning the possible emergence of quasispecies during per-sistent coronavirus infections within the CNS. Stühler and colleagues reported that no quasispecies arose during a persistent MHV-JHM infection within the CNS of rats (68). Moreover, another study showed little evidence for the selection of specific mutations within the M protein, N-cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte epitope, and encapsidation sequence with time after infection in mice (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Infection of Human Oligodendrocytic and Neuroglial Cell Lines by Human Coronavirus 229E

Arbour

Ékandé

Côté

et al. 1999

J Virol

116

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Human coronaviruses (HuCV) cause common colds. Previous reports suggest that these infectious agents may be neurotropic in humans, as they are for some mammals. With the long-term aim of providing experimental evidence for the neurotropism of HuCV and the establishment of persistent infections in the nervous system, we have evaluated the susceptibility of various human neural cell lines to acute and persistent infection by HuCV-229E. Viral antigen, infectious virus progeny and viral RNA were monitored during both acute and persistent infections. The astrocytoma cell lines U-87 MG, U-373 MG, and GL-15, as well as neuroblastoma SK-N-SH, neuroglioma H4, and oligodendrocytic MO3.13 cell lines, were all susceptible to an acute infection by HuCV-229E. The CHME-5 immortalized fetal microglial cell line was not susceptible to infection by this virus. The MO3.13 and H4 cell lines also sustained a persistent viral infection, as monitored by detection of viral antigen and infectious virus progeny. Sequencing of the S1 gene from viral RNA after ∼130 days of infection showed two point mutations, suggesting amino acid changes during persistent infection of MO3.13 cells but none for H4 cells. Thus, persistent in vitro infection did not generate important changes in the S1 portion of the viral spike protein, which was shown for murine coronaviruses to bear hypervariable domains and to interact with cellular receptor. These results are consistent with the potential persistence of HuCV-229E in cells of the human nervous system, such as oligodendrocytes and possibly neurons, and the virus’s apparent genomic stability.

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“…The effect of persistence on virus population dynamics is almost unknown. In one study of mouse hepatitis virus no population variation was detected in persistent infections, contrasting with acute infections that have a quasispecies nature [45]. This is an intriguing finding that merits some thought.…”

Section: Persistent Virusesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Changes in Population Dynamics in Mutualistic versus Pathogenic Viruses

Roossinck

2011

Viruses

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Although generally regarded as pathogens, viruses can also be mutualists. A number of examples of extreme mutualism (i.e., symbiogenesis) have been well studied. Other examples of mutualism are less common, but this is likely because viruses have rarely been thought of as having any beneficial effects on their hosts. The effect of mutualism on the population dynamics of viruses is a topic that has not been addressed experimentally. However, the potential for understanding mutualism and how a virus might become a mutualist may be elucidated by understanding these dynamics.

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No evidence for quasispecies populations during persistence of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus JHM: sequence conservation within the surface glycoprotein gene S in Lewis rats.

Cited by 9 publications

References 53 publications

Acute and Persistent Infection of Human Neural Cell Lines by Human Coronavirus OC43

Acute and Persistent Infection of Human Neural Cell Lines by Human Coronavirus OC43

Persistent Infection of Human Oligodendrocytic and Neuroglial Cell Lines by Human Coronavirus 229E

Changes in Population Dynamics in Mutualistic versus Pathogenic Viruses

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