The biology and control of Phlebotomine sand flies

Killick‐Kendrick, R.

doi:10.1016/s0738-081x(99)00046-2

Cited by 606 publications

(569 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…By adjusting blood origin prevalence of P. neglectus according to FR and to HSIx based on the available biomass, this species results in a quite opportunistic feeder rather than exhibiting preferences for any specific animal. Similar feeding habits are also known for other Leishmania vectors, both in the Old and New World (Killick-Kendrick, 1999 ;Morrison et al, 1993 ;Agrela 2002 ;Bongiorno et al, 2003). In Spain, France and Italy, phlebotomine vectors have been observed to feed on a wide range of domestic animals, with varying degrees of anthropophily (De Colmenares et al, 1995 ;Guy et al, 1984 ;KillickKendrick et al, 1977 ;Bongiorno et al, 2003 …”

Section: Sandfly Faunamentioning

confidence: 73%

Entomological and parasitological study on phlebotomine sandflies in central and northern Albania

Velo

Paparisto

Bongiorno³

et al. 2005

Parasite

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Summary :An entomological survey was carried out in two districts of central (Kruje) and northern (Lezhe) Albania. Six collecting sites, showing a variety of diurnal resting sites, were monitored for adult sandflies from June through October 2002. Flies were collected with CDC miniature light traps, sticky traps and mechanical or hand aspirators in peridomestic sites, in bedrooms and inside cow barns, chicken coops and pigpens. All collecting sites monitored were found positive for sandflies. A total of 849 specimens were caught (29.2 % males) belonging to five Phlebotomus species. Phlebotomus neglectus (75.6 %) was the most abundant species followed by P. perfiliewi (14.4 %), P. papatasi (4.6 %), P. tobbi (3.6 %) and P. similis (1.8 %). The first adult of P. neglectus appeared on June 11 and the last one was collected on October 16. The highest density for this species was observed at the end of July. A total of 111 blood-fed females were caught from the two areas studied. P. neglectus was the only species found blood fed in Lezhe and the same species was prevalent (56.1 %) in Kruje followed by P. perfiliewi (30.3 %), P. tobbi (10.6 %) ; P. papatasi was represented by only two specimens. Blood meal origin was determined in 45/66 (68.2 %) of the females tested from Kruje district. P. neglectus was found fed on four hosts, showing the following feeding patterns: cow (71.4 %), dog (17.1 %), chicken (5.7 %) and human (5.7 %) ; P. perfiliewi was found fed on cow (80.0 %) and chicken (20.0 %), P. tobbi on cow (50.0 %), chicken (25.0 %) and dog (25.0 %). One specimen of P. papatasi was found fed on cow. When such prevalences were analysed by the available biomass for each host present at the collecting site, P. neglectus resulted to be an opportunistic feeder rather than exhibiting preferences for any specific animal. PCR analysis of 39 P. neglectus from the Lezhe district gave negative results for the presence of Leishmania DNA. Résumé : ENQUÊTE ENTOMOLOGIQUE SUR LES PHLÉBOTOMES DANS DEUX DISTRICTS ALBANAIS

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Section: Sandfly Faunamentioning

confidence: 73%

Entomological and parasitological study on phlebotomine sandflies in central and northern Albania

Velo

Paparisto

Bongiorno³

et al. 2005

Parasite

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“…Subsequently, many studies have confirmed the role of the domestic dog as the primary reservoir of ZVL : dogs often have a high prevalence of both infection and infectiousness, have long-lasting infections, and are common in the peridomestic environment in which most ZVL transmission occurs. At least a dozen sandfly species of the subgenus Larroussius have been incriminated as vectors of L. infantum in the Old World, including Phlebotomus perniciosus, P. ariasi, P. perfiliewi, P. neglectus and P. tobbi in Europe (Killick-Kendrick, 1999). In Latin America, the most important vector is the Lutzomyia longipalpis species complex, with L. evansi suspected to be the important vector in some foci in Colombia and Venezuela (Travi et al 1990 ;Montoya-Lerma et al 2003), and L. cruzi incriminated in parts of Brazil (dos Santos et al 1998).…”

Section: E P I D E M I O L O G Y O F T R a N S M I S S I O N B Y T H mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission, reservoir hosts and control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis

2009

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S U M M A R YZoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) caused by Leishmania infantum is an important disease of humans and dogs. Here we review aspects of the transmission and control of ZVL. Whilst there is clear evidence that ZVL is maintained by sandfly transmission, transmission may also occur by non-sandfly routes, such as congenital and sexual transmission. Dogs are the only confirmed primary reservoir of infection. Meta-analysis of dog studies confirms that infectiousness is higher in symptomatic infection ; infectiousness is also higher in European than South American studies. A high prevalence of infection has been reported from an increasing number of domestic and wild mammals ; updated host ranges are provided. The crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous, opossums Didelphis spp., domestic cat Felis cattus, black rat Rattus rattus and humans can infect sandflies, but confirmation of these hosts as primary or secondary reservoirs requires further xenodiagnosis studies at the population level. Thus the putative sylvatic reservoir(s) of ZVL remains unknown. Review of intervention studies examining the effectiveness of current control methods highlights the lack of randomized controlled trials of both dog culling and residual insecticide spraying. Topical insecticides (deltamethrin-impregnated collars and pour-ons) have been shown to provide a high level of individual protection to treated dogs, but further community-level studies are needed.

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“…Leishmania protozoa are transmitted by the female phlebotomine sand fly (Killick-Kendrick, 1999;Munstermann, 2004;Bates, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First human cases of Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi infection in Ecuador and identification of its suspected vector species

et al. 2013

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The biology and control of Phlebotomine sand flies

Cited by 606 publications

References 101 publications

Entomological and parasitological study on phlebotomine sandflies in central and northern Albania

Entomological and parasitological study on phlebotomine sandflies in central and northern Albania

Transmission, reservoir hosts and control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis

First human cases of Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi infection in Ecuador and identification of its suspected vector species

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