The Biology and Behaviour of the European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), in Southern Ontario I. Adult

Abstract

The European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), has been recognized as a pest of pine plantations since it was described in 1776. Neugebauer (1952) stated that 32 susceptible pine species were known and that scarcely any species were rejected by the insect. Following its accidental introduction into North America about 50 years ago (Busck, 1914) the shoot moth became a serious pest of red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait., which appears to be the most susceptible species (Heikkenen and Miller, 1959). Watson (1947) described the shoot moth as “the most destructive insect affecting hard pines in southern Ontario, and the most difficult to control”. Plantations have been damaged so severely that the planting of red pine has been virtually discontinued within the pest's range.

SEX ATTRACTANTS FOR SOME EASTERN SPECIES OF RHYACIONIA, INCLUDING A NEW SPECIES, AND EUCOSMA GLORIOLA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

“…The European pine shoot moth, which is also attracted to similar mixtures (Gray et al 1984), does not occur in northern Ontario (e.g. Iron Bridge) and, although sympatric with these species in southern Ontario, commences flight in June (Pointing 1961) after the completion of their flight period. Rhyacionia granti overlaps the range of the pitch pine tip moth, R. rigidana (Fernald) (Miller 1985;Powell and Miller 1978), a species that is also attracted to E8, ElO-12:Ac (Hill et al 1976).…”

REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OFLAMBDINA FISCELLARIA LUGUBROSA(LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)

“…The use of pheromones for survey and control of forest Lepidoptera has created a need for expanded knowledge on reproductive biology (Doane 1968;Fatzinger and Asher 1971 ;Outram 1971a, b;Pointing 1961 ; Sanders and Lucuik 1972). There is evidence that both the eastern hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria (Guen.)…”

The Biology and Behaviour of the European Pine Shoot Moth Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), in Southern Ontario II. Egg, Larva, and Pupa

“…6, 7). Soon after the pupa is exposed, the case splits dorsallv in the thoracic region and the moth crawls forth leaving the empty pupal case fixed in the bud (Pointing 1961b). The hole is capped with a mixture of silk and resin; the cap becomes brittle and is easily broken by rhe pupa just before adult emergence.…”