The Biological Responses to Magnesium-Based Biodegradable Medical Devices

Abstract

The biocompatibility of Magnesium-based materials (MBMs) is critical to the safety of biodegradable medical devices. As a promising metallic biomaterial for medical devices, the issue of greatest concern is devices' safety as degrading products are possibly interacting with local tissue during complete degradation. The aim of this review is to summarize the biological responses to MBMs at the cellular/molecular level, including cell adhesion, transportation signaling, immune response, and tissue growth during the complex degradation process. We review the influence of MBMs on gene/protein biosynthesis and expression at the site of implantation, as well as throughout the body. This paper provides a systematic review of the cellular/molecular behavior of local tissue on the response to Mg degradation, which may facilitate a better prediction of long-term degradation and the safe use of magnesium-based implants through metal innovation.

Dynamic electrochemical impedance study of fluoride conversion coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy to improve bio‐adaptability for orthopedic application

“…The viability of the cells on culture plate is considered as 100% for 24, 48, and 72 h. In MG63 cells, as the substrate extract concentration increases from 1 to 100%, the proliferation rate also increases. In comparison to the control, the proliferation rate of the substrate has significantly increases up to 25% as Mg ions influence the initial attachment and proliferation . Moreover, Mg ions show a positive effect on the bone remodeling rate and gap junction intercellular communication .…”

Comparison of endothelial cell attachment on surfaces of biodegradable polymer-coated magnesium alloys in a microfluidic environment

“…Cellular response to biomaterials is an essential factor to evaluate the material biocompatibility [ 28 ]. The sequential responses of cells when they contact with a material surface include cell attachment, migration, and proliferation, thus the cells viability of initial response, cell attachment, is an important characterization of alloy compatibility [ 29 ]. Endothelial cells are the first cell type of the blood vessel that interacts with the stent during implantation.…”

Graphene Family Nanomaterial Reinforced Magnesium-Based Matrix Composites for Biomedical Application: A Comprehensive Review

“…The immobilization of CNT and Gr in metallic biomaterials prevents the exposure of adjacent tissues, therefore providing biosafety for these kinds of particles [47]. It is worth noting that the application of biodegradable Mg-GFN composites fabricated through various fabrication procedures and structural modifications for load-bearing implant process for bone substitution and reproduction attracts a huge amount of attention [166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180]. Taking into consideration the outstanding biological response and incredible mechanical characteristics of Gr, as described in earlier sections, it is anticipated that a number of implants and scaffolds will be created in the near future.…”