The biocompatibility of carbon nanotubes

Smart, Simon; Cassady, A. I.; Lu, Gao Qing; Martin, Darren J.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2005.10.011

Cited by 902 publications

(551 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…For example, iron, which is the catalyst most often used to grow carbon nanotubes and which is often found as impurity in the final product, was shown to be cytotoxic for brain cells [43]. Recently, it was also shown that the cytotoxicity is greatly influenced by the functional groups present on the carbon surface [44][45][46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the structure and chemical properties of some commercial carbon nanostructures

Tessonnier

Rosenthal

Hansen

et al. 2009

Carbon

313

265

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For many years the scientific community has believed in a promising future for carbon nanotubes for various applications in such diverse fields as polymer reinforcement, adsorption, catalysis, electronics and medicine. Industrial production of carbon nanotubes and -fibers and the subsequent availability and decrease of price, have rendered this vision feasible. In the last years, several carbon nanomaterial products have been marketed by major chemical companies. In this work, we present an extensive characterization of a representative set of commercially available carbon nanomaterials. Special focus has been put on their quality, i.e. presence of metal or carbonaceous impurities but also homogeneity and structural integrity. The observations are of importance for subsequent use in catalysis where the presence of impurities or defects in the nanostructure can dramatically modify the activity of the catalytic material..

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the structure and chemical properties of some commercial carbon nanostructures

Tessonnier

Rosenthal

Hansen

et al. 2009

Carbon

313

265

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Based on the previous study about the biocompatibility of CNTs, toxicity and biocompatibility of CNTs are still under research and it has not been concluded. [30] Since this device is attached on skin directly, passivation layer and stability in polymer material should be considered to be safe for human body in the future before practical use.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Skin Temperature Sensor and Stable Gel‐Less Sticky ECG Sensor for a Wearable Flexible Healthcare Patch

Yamamoto

Takada

et al. 2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

242

190

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Because a wearable device comprised of a flexible film should be comfortable to wear over the skin, several reports have focused on the film thickness to prepare ultrathin films that are a few micrometers or nanometers thick. [26,27] Thinning a film to this scale should realize a film capable of covering the skin asperity conformally, resulting in a good comfort while wearing and a relatively strong adhesion on skin without glue. However, ultrathin films can be difficult to handle and attach to skin. Additionally, assembling other components such as a signal processing circuit and battery without sacrificing the advantage of thickness remains challenging. Thus, many reports still employ both ultrathin film flexible devices and relatively thick films (several hundred micrometers). [1,[4][5][6][7]9,12,16,18,19,22,28] However, the effect of film thickness on sensing has yet to be discussed, although a systematical study is important to realize precise health data recordings. In addition to the wearability and film thickness depedences, biocompatibility of the sensor and film materials is another important parameter to consider for the practical application as a wearable device.In this study, we explore the dependence of the temperature change, which is measured by a printed temperature sensor fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), on thickness. A thick film was selected due to handling ease and ability to integrate other components in the future. However, some sensors such as an ECG sensor must attach onto skin with good adhesion without sacrificing conductivity, and a relatively thick flexible film itself cannot attach to skin without an adhesion layer. To create good adhesion between an ECG sensor and skin without losing conductivity, a high adhesive conductive polymer onto skin is also developed. Although gel-based electrodes are often used in medical applications, gel-based electrodes are unsuited for long-time measurements due to skin irritation. [15] Thus, we developed a gel-less sticky electrode using biocompatible materials by characterizing the adhesion, impedance between skin and the ECG sensor, and repeatability for use. Finally, as a proofof-concept demonstration, simultaneous efficient skin temperature and ECG signal recordings were conducted using a conductive polymer with an optimized film thickness. Figure 1a describes an integrated device image with a temperature sensor, an ECG sensor, an equivalent circuit between Wearable, flexible healthcare devices, which can monitor health data to predict and diagnose disease in advance, benefit society. Toward this future, various flexible and stretchable sensors as well as other components are demonstrated by arranging materials, structures, and processes. Although there are many sensor demonstrations, the fundamental characteristics such as the dependence of a temperature sensor on film thickness and the impact of adhesive for an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor are yet to be explored in detail. In this study, the effect of film thickness for skin te...

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“…Therefore, there is no benefit to publish further articles confirming these mechanisms in It is well known that nanotechnology offers enormous potential for technological advancement (Ariga et al 2012a, b;Tong et al 2012;Dreaden et al 2012;Wang et al 2012;Marchan 2012;Tozak et al 2013;Stewart and Marchan 2012;Piacham et al 2013). Therefore, it is highly fortuitous that from the very beginning, toxicological research kept pace with the developments in the field of nanotechnology (Oberdorster et al 2005(Oberdorster et al , 2007Nel et al 2006;Lewinski et al 2008;Hardman 2006;Singh et al 2006;Xia et al 2008;Smart et al 2006;Donaldson et al 2004;Linse et al 2007). Each year, we the editors at the Archives of Toxicology review all the articles that were published the previous years in our journal, paying particular attention to those in research areas that are currently most relevant and exciting, and which contribute to the further development of toxicological sciences.…”

Section: Induction Of Oxidative Stress and Release Of Inflammatory Cymentioning

confidence: 99%

The nanotoxicology revolution

2013

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The biocompatibility of carbon nanotubes

Cited by 902 publications

References 87 publications

Analysis of the structure and chemical properties of some commercial carbon nanostructures

Analysis of the structure and chemical properties of some commercial carbon nanostructures

Efficient Skin Temperature Sensor and Stable Gel‐Less Sticky ECG Sensor for a Wearable Flexible Healthcare Patch

The nanotoxicology revolution

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