The biochemical and histological analysis of subcutaneous calcitonin and intramedullary methylprednisolone on bone repair after bone marrow ablation: an experimental comparative study in rats

Abstract

BackgroundAlthough, glucocorticoid (GC) and calcitonin-induced changes in bone repair have been studied previously, the exact effects of these on fracture healing remain controversial. Hence, the purpose of this experimental study is to determine biochemical and histological effects of locally administrated GC and systemically administrated calcitonin on the kinetics of healing response after bone marrow ablation in rats.MethodsAfter having undergone marrow ablation, a steroid-treated group of rats (n = 24) received a single dose of intramedullary methylprednisolone (2 mg/kg), a calcitonin-treated group (n = 24) received intermittently administrated subcutaneous salmon calcitonin (16 IU/kg), and a control group (n = 24) received intramedullary saline (25 μl).ResultsBlood samples taken on days 1, 3, 7, 9, and 15 after ablation showed an increase in serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and phosphate levels in the Calcitonin and Control groups. Levels of calcium and ALP peaked on day 7 after ablation. However, an increase in phosphate levels indicated a biphasic reaction that peaked on the third and ninth day after ablation. Hypercalcemia was not observed in Steroid group because of the inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption. In that group, the serum levels of ALP and phosphate were lower than baseline levels. The levels of urinary calcium excretion peaked 3 to 7 days after marrow ablation in the control group and 7 to 9 days after that procedure in the steroid group. Histologic evaluation showed that the rats in the control group demonstrated the expected healing period according to the histological grades and that a delay in healing occurred in the calcitonin group after day 9 because of the inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption. All rats in the steroid group exhibited a decrease and delayed healing response.ConclusionTotal serum calcium, phosphate, and ALP levels increased after bilateral tibial bone marrow ablation and urine calcium and hydroxyproline excretion also increased as a factor of bone resorption. Subcutaneously administrated salmon calcitonin did not affect biochemical changes after marrow ablation. Single-dose intramedullary methylprednisolone inhibited extra-tibial bone resorption induced by cytokines after bone marrow ablation.

Effect of Calcitonin Hormone of Biochemical And Histological Changes for Female Sailfin Black Molly (Poecilia latipinna)

“…The hormone altered enzyme levels in patients with Paget's disease of bone [38] . An increase in ALP enzyme was observed in rats when it administered CT subcutaneously [39] . While CT was negatively associated with ALP in cats infected with chronic kidney disease [40] .…”

Osteoprotective Effect of Enamel Matrix Derivatives on the Regeneration of Mandibular Defects in Experimentally Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis

“…Bone repair is a highly compound mechanism that relies on the concerted intervention of many cell types and a series of vital proceedings, and it has long been regarded as the most important therapeutic goal [ 19 ]. NOD-like receptor (NLR) family detects molecular patterns in the cytosol and activates the formation of a multiprotein signaling platform, termed the inflammasome.…”

“…Group II showed obvious reduction in the quantity and quality of the regenerated bone tissue with the formation of granulation tissue, severe accumulation of inflammatory cells, dilated blood vessels, and small bony spicules, and these results are explained by the use of high doses of corticoid, which are associated with damaging effects on jawbone construction, repair, and consistency. Initially, cortisone's action began with osteoblasts, which reduces reproduction and damages differentiation and maturation, causing diminished bone turnover [ 19 ].…”