Introduction: Calcitonin (CT) regulates blood calcium (Ca+2) levels in mammals, but the results of experiments on its role in fish are uncertain, its functions exceeded the limits of regulation of Ca+2. Aim: This experience represents a trial to remove that ambiguity and determine role of calcitonin by clarifying its relationship with different biochemistry parameters. Therefore, we investigate the effect of (CT) on some biochemical parameters of blood in female fish Poecilia latipinna, these are Ca+2, urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The study also deals with the follow up of histological changes that are caused by (CT) in the liver, kidney, and intestines of the fish. Material and Methods: The fish were brought from ornamental fish shops and were adapted and reared in the laboratory. The sample of fish was divided into two groups; The first group was injected with 4 microliters of (CT) for ten consecutive days. At the end of the experiment, blood was drawn from the fish and then it anatomized and tissue sections of organs under study were prepared. Result:The finding show calcitonin works to reduce level of Ca+2 in the blood with a significant difference (0.03) at the probability level P ≤ 0.05. And was not affected urea and creatinine by the hormone, while the level of ALP enzyme increased with a significant difference (0.04) at the probability level P ≤ 0.05. With sex hormones, the effect was limited to LH without FSH. LH levels increased significantly with (0.02) at P ≤ 0.05. CT caused histological changes in the kidney and intestines, while the liver was not affected by (CT). Conclusion: Calcitonin has been shown to play a role in Ca+2 regulation in fish blood and its work overlaps with different organs of the fish body.
Background In order to improve cancer patients' chances of survival, scientists have prioritized finding alternatives to chemotherapy, focusing their efforts on natural sources. The current study investigates the anti-cancer action of retinoic acid and Eucalyptus oil in esophageal cancer and studies their combined effect as well as the cellular pathways that each trigger as part of ongoing research in this field. As a model of esophageal cancer, the SK-GT-4 cancer cell line was treated with a series of concentrations of both materials. Results The concentrations of Eucalyptus oil (10, 100, 1000, and 1500 g/mL) and Retinoic acid (5, 100, 150, and 200 M/mL) were used for treatment of cells. The MTT test was used to assess the anti-cancer activity of Eucalyptus oil and Retinoic acid, and qPCR was used to determine cellular pathways. Our findings show that both Eucalyptus oil and Retinoic acid inhibit cancer cell growth significantly. Our findings revealed that the IC50 values for eucalyptus oil were 63 g/mL and 111.3 M l/mL for retinoic acid. Furthermore, the impact was at the level that causes apoptosis. The findings suggested that any herbal substance could act as an inducer of the caspase-9-dependent pathway. The caspase-8-dependent pathway, on the other hand, was restricted to retinoic acid. Conclusion Our research discovered that the two chemicals worked together to create a synergistic effect. This synergistic effect could be attributed to a close connection between external and internal apoptotic pathways, which inhibits SK-GT-4 cell growth. Graphical Abstract
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