The bio-lithoclastic carbonate facies analysis: Şahinkaya Member Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) skeletal carbonate deposit, Sakarya Zone, NE Turkey

Doğu Karadeniz’in Karstik Oluşumları: Karaca (Torul, Gümüşhane) ve Çal (Düzköy, Trabzon) Mağaralarının Jeoturizm Potansiyeli

“…The geological outcrops of Türkiye include karstified sedimentary rocks (Figure 10) and there are significant caves and sinkholes spread over different regions of the country (Uzun, 1991;Törk et al, 2013;Nazik and Tuncer, 2010;Nazik et al, 2019;Köroğlu and Kandemir, 2019a;Yamaç et al, 2021a, b). The Karaca and Çal caves (Figure 2 & 6), formed in neritic and hemipelagic limestones within the Mesozoic-Cenozoic erathems in the Eastern Black Sea Region, are regionally important geotourism assets (Köroğlu and Kandemir, 2019b;Consorti and Köroğlu, 2019;Özyurt et al, 2019, 2020). In the 4-year period between 2020; Figure 12).…”

Deciphering of karst geomorphology and sinkhole (doline) structures using multiple geophysical and geological methods (Trabzon, NE Türkiye)

“…The geology of the study area has been investigated by many researchers (Bulguroğlu 1991;Ofluoğlu 1993;Korkmaz 1993;Köroğlu 2018;Köroğlu and Kandemir 2019b;Consorti and Köroğlu 2019) to date. Based on these studies, the general geological information of the region is as follows: the Şahinkaya Member was first introduced as the Şahinkaya Formation by Bulguroğlu (1991) in a master's thesis entitled "Geological Investigation of the Düzköy-Çayırbağı (Trabzon) Region" and later named the Şahinkaya Member in the study entitled "Stratigraphy of the Tonya-Düzköy (SW Trabzon), area" by Korkmaz (1993).…”

“…Köroğlu (2018) took three measured stratigraphic sections to reflect the unit in the region of this study. The average thickness of the Şahinkaya Member was determined to be ∼100 m (Köroğlu 2018), and it consists of thick-bedded, sandy, lithoclastic and bioclastic components, with red-coloured limestone and sandy limestones at some basal levels of the lithology (Korkmaz 1993;İnan et al 1999;Köroğlu 2018;Köroğlu and Kandemir 2019b;Consorti and Köroğlu 2019;Consorti et al 2020). In the Çayırbağı-Çalköy region, where measured stratigraphic sections were made, the unit mostly consists of fossil (rudist in a pelagic and neritic environment based on lithological, palaeontological, and sedimentological features.…”

“…In Eastern Sakarya Zone (NE Türkiye), Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene sedimentary cover (calciclastic, pelagic, hemipelagic, and neritic successions) was deposited after a sequences overlying arc magmatism were carried out in the Eastern Sakarya Zone (Korkmaz 1993;İnan et al 1999;Köroğlu 2018;Köroğlu and Kandemir 2019b;Consorti and Köroğlu 2019;Consorti et al 2020).…”

“…In this study, the studied karst terrains are located between Çayırbağı and Çalköy (Düzköy, Trabzon) in the Black Sea (NE Türkiye). There are ∼100 m thick neritic (shallow water) limestones dated to Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene age, known as the Şahinkaya Member (Köroğlu 2018;Köroğlu and Kandemir 2019b;Consorti and Köroğlu 2019;Consorti et al 2020) in the region. The regional geology, stratigraphy (bio-and litho-) and partial hydrogeological/geophysical properties of the Tonya Formation and Şahinkaya Member were examined by Ofluoğlu (1993), Korkmaz (1993), Ayaz (1995), İnan et al (1999), Hippolyte et al (2015), Köroğlu (2018), Türk-Öz and Özyurt (2018), Köroğlu and Kandemir (2019a, b), Consorti and Köroğlu (2019), Consorti et al (2020), Alemdağ et al (2022Alemdağ et al ( , 2023.…”