The bifunctional regulation of interconnected Zn-incorporated ZrO₂ nanoarrays in antibiosis and osteogenesis

Abstract

New generation biomaterials should be designed to bear long-term antibacterial activity, biocompatibility and even osteogenesis facilitation. In this study, the bifunctional regulation of antibiosis and osteogenesis is realized by the highly-ordered and interconnecting Zn-incorporated ZrO2 nanoarrays, which are prepared by a hydrothermal approach with the precursor hydrolyzed in situ and allow long-term controllable Zn release. The content of incorporated Zn can be easily controlled by pH of the HCl solution used for etching. All Zn-incorporated nanoarrays show good antibacterial properties against both Escherichia coli (E. coli, Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, Gram-positive), as indicated by high antibacterial rates and the apparent inhibition zone. Analysis of the biocompatibility confirms that the hybrid nanoarrays could cause varying degrees of promotion for the adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells. Zn incorporated ZrO2 nanotubes balance antibiosis and osteogenesis delicately, as proved by the up-regulated MTT and ALP activities, as well as the increase of bone-related gene expression (the mRNA level of OCN, OPN and BMP-2). The novel bone implant materials with better antibacterial properties can promote the osteogenesis, and have promising applications in biomedical devices and antibacterial control systems.

Fabrication of a Cu/Zn co-incorporated calcium phosphate scaffold-derived GDF-5 sustained release system with enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis properties

“…Previous studies have shown that Zn 2+ at appropriate concentrations does stimulate the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, whereas Cu 2+ may not play any role in osteogenic differentiation. 53,54 To conrm these ndings, the extraction medium of the scaffold P2 was co-cultured with BMSCs. Aer 21 days of co-culture of BMSCs and extraction medium, calcium deposition was stained with 1% Alizarin Red S (Sigma-Aldrich, USA).…”

Review of titanium surface modification techniques and coatings for antibacterial applications

“…Additionally, ion-implanted surfaces may act bactericidally, as the ions may inhibit bacterial metabolism. [52,53,[55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]136] To this date, a single ion candidate has been extensively tested in clinical trials with good clinical outcome despite gradual leaching over time: iodine-supported titanium implants as described initially by Shirai et al [60] Chemical modification of anodically oxidized titanium by incorporation of ions reduces growth of biofilm in one, two and three species models of E. coli [137], P. gingivalis [65], Strep. mutans [66], S. aureus [67] and A. acti nomycetemcomitans.…”

Fabrication of Chitosan‐18β‐Glycyrrhetinic Acid Modified Titanium Implants with Nanorod Arrays for Suppression of Osteosarcoma Growth and Improvement of Osteoblasts Activity

“…To develop such a functional implant, surface modification is an effective approach. Recently, much research efforts on Ti surface modification, such as topographical modification and immobilization of bioactive molecules, have been carried out to enhance the osseointegration and antibacterial properties of the Ti materials . In general, Ti based implant materials with nanorod topologic structure exhibit inherent surface advantages thanks to their high surface area, controllable dimensions, and universal drug delivery capacity .…”