The beta chorionic gonadotropin-beta luteinizing gene cluster maps to human chromosome 19

Julier, Cécile; Weil, Dominique; Couillin, P.; Côté, Jean; Nguyen, Cong Van; Foubert, C; Boué, A; Thirion, Jean‐Paul; Kaplan, J.-C.; Junien, Claudine

doi:10.1007/bf00272995

Cited by 38 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…DNA from the hybrid clones was digested with the appropriate restriction enzyme, and 10 ,ug of each was electrophoresed in a 1.2% agarose gel in 40 mM Tris acetate/1 mM EDTA, pH 7.4, and transferred by blotting to nitrocellulose (35,39). Hybridization with labeled probe (5-10 x 106 cpm/tnml) in 45% (vol/vol) formamide/4.6x SSC/0.1% polyvinylpyrrolidone/0.1% Ficoll/0.1% bovine serum albumin/ 20 mM NaH2PO4, pH 6.5/ denatured salmon sperm DNA (500 ,g/ml)/10% dextran sulfate was for [12][13][14][15][16] hr at 42°C with shaking. The filters were then washed (20 min per wash with 0.1% NaDodSO4) as follows: apoE probe, twice in 2 x SSC and twice in 0.5 x SSC at 55°C; apoCII, twice in 2x SSC and twice in 0.5x SSC at 65°C; apoCI and C3, twice in 2x SSC Detter et al (40).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these are genes for myotonic dystrophy (DM) and a form of neurofibromatosis (NFI) and several genes controlling lipoprotein structure and metabolism (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Considering its small size, chromosome 19 has been assigned a large number of other genes, including complement component 3 (C3), peptidase D (PEPD), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), secretor (SE), the Lutheran blood group (LU), and a cluster of genes related to chorionic gonadotropin p subunit (CGB) (1,13). However, the regional locations of these genes have been poorly defined.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Regional mapping of human chromosome 19: organization of genes for plasma lipid transport (APOC1, -C2, and -E and LDLR) and the genes C3, PEPD, and GPI.

Lusis¹,

Heinzmann²,

Sparkes³

et al. 1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We report the regional mapping of human chromosome 19 genes for three apolipoproteins and a lipoprotein receptor as well as genes for three other markers. The regional mapping was made possible by the use of a reciprocal whole-arm translocation between the long arm of chromosome 19 and the short arm of chromosome 1. Examination of three separate somatic cell hybrids containing the long arm but not the short arm of chromosome 19 indicated that the genes for apolipoproteins CI, CII, and E (APOCI, APOC2, and APOE, respectively) and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) reside on the long arm, whereas genes for the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), complement component 3 (C3), and peptidase D (PEPD) reside on the short arm. When taken together with previous studies, our results suggest the following physical gene map: pter-LDLR-C3-pl3.2-PEPD-centromere-(APOE, APOCI, APOC2, GPI)-qter. In addition, we have isolated a single A phage carrying both APOCI and part ofAPOE. These genes are tandemly oriented and are separated by about 6 kilobases of genomic DNA. Since previous family studies indicate tight linkage of APOE and APOC2, the apolipoprotein genes APOCI, APOC2, and APOE form a tight complex on the long arm of chromosome 19, suggesting the possibility of coordinate regulation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional mapping of human chromosome 19: organization of genes for plasma lipid transport (APOC1, -C2, and -E and LDLR) and the genes C3, PEPD, and GPI.

Lusis¹,

Heinzmann²,

Sparkes³

et al. 1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…CG has been definitively identified only in primates (6,9,43) and horses (55,62) and is not found in rats (7,58,63), mice (this report; N. Fox, unpublished data), or cows (38,61). In humans, the beta subunit of HCG is encoded by multiple genes (4,44,45,56) located on chromosome 19 (28,37). These genes are tandemly linked to the highly homologous single LH beta-subunit gene, which coevolved with the HCG beta genes from an ancestral LH betalike gene (57).…”

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confidence: 99%

Expression and regulation of the pituitary- and placenta-specific human glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene is restricted to the pituitary in transgenic mice.

Fox¹,

Solter²

1988

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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Expression of the glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit occurs in both the pituitary and placenta in humans. However, this study found that expression of this subunit is restricted to the pituitary in mice. An interspecies analysis of human alpha-subunit gene regulation was undertaken, using the transgenic-mouse approach. In mice transgenic for a genomic clone containing the complete human alpha-subunit gene and several kilobases of 5'- and 3'-flanking sequences, cell-type-specific expression and hormonal regulation of the human alpha-subunit transgene occurred in the mouse pituitary, whereas no expression of the transgene was detectable in the mouse placenta. These findings provide strong evidence that a common trans-acting factor(s) regulates glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene expression in the human and mouse pituitaries; however, this factor(s) or a unique factor(s), though functional in the human placenta, is either nonfunctional or absent in the mouse placenta.

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“…Independent production of subunit and intact hormone is not surprising as there is evidence that the genes for the alpha and beta subunits may be on different chromosomes. Thus, the alpha chain has been cloned (Fiddes & Goodman, 1979) and tentatively assigned to chromosome 6 (Naylor et al, 1984), whereas the beta chain, also cloned (Fiddes et al, 1980) has been mapped to chromosome 19 (Julier et al, 1984). Furthermore, the beta hCG 'gene' is itself very heterogeneous consisting of a cluster of at least eight genes arranged in tandem and inverted pairs; one of this cluster is the gene for the beta chain of luteinising hormone (LH) (Boorstein et al, 1982;Talmadge et al, 1983).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro secretion of human chorionic gonadotrophin by bladder tumour cells

Iles¹,

Oliver²,

Kitau³

et al. 1987

Br J Cancer

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Summary Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and alphafetoprotein (AFP) were measured in culture media from a panel of 29 cell lines including 9 bladder carcinomas, 5 'normal' bladder epithelia, 10 germ cell tumours, and 5 miscellaneous tumours and 'normal' cell lines. In 7 of the 9 bladder carcinomas and 4 of the 5 'normal' bladder epithelia, the media contained hCG at levels ranging from between 34 and 3,600 IU I -. All other cell lines, including the 10 germ cell tumour lines gave negative results for hCG. These findings indicate that in vitro secretion of hCG is a common feature of normal and neoplastic bladder transitional epithelia, and support the hypothesis that parts of the genito-urinary epithelium have a potential for hCG production.The high incidence of elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and alphafetoprotein (AFP) in association with testicular germ cell tumours is wellrecognised in vivo (Seppala et al., 1986), but this phenomenon is relatively uncommon during culture of these tumours (Andrews et al., 1980). Ectopic production of hCG is also a well-recognised phenomenon in some non-gonadal epithelial tumours (Braunstein et al., 1973;McManus et al., 1976;Bellet et al., 1980). This is particularly common in gastric (24%), hepatic (17%) and pancreatic (50%) cancers (reviewed by Baylin & Mendelsohn, 1980;Heyderman et al., 1985;Seppala, 1986 al., 1986). Immunohistochemical studies suggest that ectopic production of hCG is relatively unusual in bladder tumours with reports varying from 5 of 13 to 12 of 104 cases (Rodenburg et al., 1985;Shah et al., 1986). In the present study we have examined hCG and AFP secretion by normal and neoplastic bladder and testicular germ cell tumours in vitro. Materials and methodsA total of 29 cell lines were examined in this study (Table I). They included: 14 lines of urothelial origin (9 neoplastic (see Table I), 5 'normal'); 10 germ cell tumours (gonadal) and 5 miscellaneous tumours and 'normal' controls. The American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and other lines held at the London Hospital were grown in a medium consisting of Leibowitz L-15 RPMI 1640 (50/50, v/v) containing 20% heat inactivated foetal calf serum (FCS), transferrin (4 pg ml -1), hydrocortisone (4 ng ml -1), insulin (4 Mg ml -1), and penicillin-streptomycin (1,000 U ml-1) (Gibco Ltd., Paisley, Scotland). Cell lines from the Institute of Urology were grown RPMI 1640 plus 5% FCS (Gibco). Incubation was carried out at 37°C in a mixture of 95% air and 5% CO2. The cell lines were grown to confluence in culture flasks (75 cm adherence area; Falcon Labware).

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The beta chorionic gonadotropin-beta luteinizing gene cluster maps to human chromosome 19

Cited by 38 publications

References 15 publications

Regional mapping of human chromosome 19: organization of genes for plasma lipid transport (APOC1, -C2, and -E and LDLR) and the genes C3, PEPD, and GPI.

Regional mapping of human chromosome 19: organization of genes for plasma lipid transport (APOC1, -C2, and -E and LDLR) and the genes C3, PEPD, and GPI.

Expression and regulation of the pituitary- and placenta-specific human glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene is restricted to the pituitary in transgenic mice.

In vitro secretion of human chorionic gonadotrophin by bladder tumour cells

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