The Benefits of Exercise for Arterial Stiffness

Ferreira, Isabel; Boreham, Colin; Stehouwer, Coen D. A.

doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2006.04.014

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Arterial stiffness is predictive of cognitive decline (Unverzagt et al, 2011), is a critical risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents (Hatanaka et al, 2011;Mattace-Raso et al, 2006), and has been linked to the accumulation of beta-amyloid in AD (Casserly & Topol, 2004;Kalaria, Akinyemi, & Ihara, 2012). Maintaining a good level of CRF protects against the development or progression of arteriosclerosis (Ferreira et al, 2006). This paper focuses on a new approach, based on optical imaging methods (E. Gratton et al, 1997), that allows us to investigate cerebrovascular health non-invasively (i.e., without the use of contrast agents or catheters).…”

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confidence: 99%

Taking the pulse of aging: Mapping pulse pressure and elasticity in cerebral arteries with optical methods

et al. 2014

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Cerebrovascular support is crucial for healthy cognitive and brain aging. Arterial stiffening is a cause of reduced brain blood flow, a predictor of cognitive decline, and a risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents and Alzheimer's disease. Arterial health is influenced by lifestyle factors, such as cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). We investigated new noninvasive optical measures of cerebrovascular health, which provide estimates of arterial pulse parameters (pulse pressure, transit time, and compliance/elasticity) within specific cerebral arteries and cortical regions, and low-resolution maps of large superficial cerebral arteries. We studied naturally occurring variability in these parameters in adults (aged 55-87), and found that these indices of cerebrovascular health are negatively correlated with age and positively with CRF and gray and white matter volumes. Further, regional pulse transit time predicts specific neuropsychological performance.

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confidence: 99%

Taking the pulse of aging: Mapping pulse pressure and elasticity in cerebral arteries with optical methods

et al. 2014

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“…1 Given that stiffening of central (ie, elastic) arteries, such as the aorta and carotid arteries, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, 2 maintaining a physically active lifestyle in the course of life may, thus, constitute a valuable tool to reduce arterial stiffness-related cardiovascular disease. 3 The evidence so far underlining the beneficial role of HPA on aortic or carotid stiffness has been derived from both cross-sectional observational studies showing that subjects who are more physically active have less stiff arteries than their sedentary counterparts 4 -7 and intervention studies showing favorable arterial adaptations after increases in aerobic exercise. 6,8,9 However, the fact that aerobic exercise has been ineffective in the restoration of arterial distensibility in some clinical populations, for example, in elderly individuals with isolated systolic hypertension, 10 suggests that increases in HPA are likely more effective when initiated early in life.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lifetime Vigorous But Not Light-To-Moderate Habitual Physical Activity Impacts Favorably on Carotid Stiffness in Young Adults

et al. 2010

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Abstract-Higher levels of habitual physical activity favorably impact on arterial stiffness. It is not clear, however, whether lifetime habitual physical activities of different intensities carry the same protective effect and to what extent any such effect is mediated by other biological cardiovascular risk factors. We, therefore, examined longitudinal data on habitual physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors (8 repeated measures between the ages of 13 and 36 years) in 373 subjects in whom stiffness estimates of the carotid artery were assessed at age 36 years using noninvasive ultrasonography. The time spent in habitual physical activities (in minutes per week) throughout the longitudinal period was compared between subjects across tertiles of the following stiffness estimates: ␤-stiffness index, distensibility and compliance coefficients, and the Young's elastic modulus. After adjustments for sex, body height, and other lifestyle variables, subjects in the highest tertile of the ␤-stiffness index (ie, with stiffer arteries) had spent, on average, throughout the longitudinal period, less time in vigorous (Ϫ26.

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“…It may be that structural adaptations to exercise in large blood vessels (e.g. increased elastin content and inhibition of collagen activity within the arterial wall) require the passage of longer periods of time than structural changes in the heart that may be more plastic (Ferreira et al 2006). We have previously demonstrated that functional changes in the arteries are much more responsive to training than structural ones (Shibata et al 2011).…”

Section: Dynamic Arterial Elastancementioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of 2 years of high‐intensity exercise training on a model of integrated cardiovascular regulation

Hieda

Howden

Sarma

et al. 2018

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points Heart rate variability, a common and easily measured index of cardiovascular dynamics, is the output variable of complicated cardiovascular and respiratory control systems. Both neural and non‐neural control mechanisms may contribute to changes in heart rate variability. We previously developed an innovative method using transfer function analysis to assess the effect of prolonged exercise training on integrated cardiovascular regulation. In the present study, we modified and applied this to investigate the effect of 2 years of high‐intensity training on circulatory components to tease out the primary effects of training. Our method incorporated the dynamic Starling mechanism, dynamic arterial elastance and arterial–cardiac baroreflex function. The dynamic Starling mechanism gain and arterial–cardiac baroreflex gain were significantly increased in the exercise group. These parameters remained unchanged in the controls. Conversely, neither group experienced a change in dynamic arterial elastance. The integrated cardiovascular regulation gain in the exercise group was 1.34‐fold larger than that in the control group after the intervention. In these previously sedentary, otherwise healthy, middle‐aged adults, 2 years of high‐intensity exercise training improved integrated cardiovascular regulation by enhancing the dynamic Starling mechanism and arterial–cardiac baroreflex sensitivity. Abstract Assessing the effects of exercise training on cardiovascular variability is challenging because of the complexity of multiple mechanisms. In a prospective, parallel‐group, randomized controlled study, we examined the effect of 2 years of high‐intensity exercise training on integrated cardiovascular function, which incorporates the dynamic Starling mechanism, dynamic arterial elastance and arterial–cardiac baroreflex function. Sixty‐one healthy participants (48% male, aged 53 years, range 52–54 years) were randomized to either 2 years of exercise training (exercise group: n = 34) or control/yoga group (controls: n = 27). Before and after 2 years, subjects underwent a 6 min recording of beat‐by‐beat pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PAD), stroke volume index (SV index), systolic blood pressure (sBP) and RR interval measurements with controlled respiration at 0.2 Hz. The dynamic Starling mechanism, dynamic arterial elastance and arterial–cardiac baroreflex function were calculated by transfer function gain between PAD and SV index; SV index and sBP; and sBP and RR interval, respectively. Fifty‐three participants (controls: n = 25; exercise group: n = 28) completed the intervention. After 2 years, the dynamic Starling mechanism gain (Group × Time interaction: P = 0.008) and the arterial–cardiac baroreflex gain (P = 0.005) were significantly increased in the exercise group but remained unchanged in the controls. There was no change in dynamic arterial elastance in either of the two groups. The integrated cardiovascular function gain in the exercise group increased 1.34‐fold, whereas there was no change in the control...

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The Benefits of Exercise for Arterial Stiffness

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Taking the pulse of aging: Mapping pulse pressure and elasticity in cerebral arteries with optical methods

Taking the pulse of aging: Mapping pulse pressure and elasticity in cerebral arteries with optical methods

Lifetime Vigorous But Not Light-To-Moderate Habitual Physical Activity Impacts Favorably on Carotid Stiffness in Young Adults

The impact of 2 years of high‐intensity exercise training on a model of integrated cardiovascular regulation

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