The benefit of directly comparing autism and schizophrenia, revisited

Pinkham, Amy E.; Sasson, Noah J.

doi:10.1017/s0033291719003635

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This is consistent with (i) the diametric model ( 52 , 53 )—which posits that ASD and SSD are characterized by opposing phenotypic patterns—, (ii) evidence suggesting that ASD and SSD can be characterized by opposing patterns of attentional abilities ( 3 , 54 ), and (iii) existing evidence suggesting that the presence of both disorders may be associated with attenuated impairments ( 3 , 27 , 38 ). Importantly, this pattern of association also suggests that the omission errors in ASD and SPD might be precipitated by different mechanisms, which is consistent with the notion that apparent overlaps between autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders might be precipitated by different cognitive styles or biases ( 55 , 56 ). Altogether, this pattern of association gives credence to the idea and that some compensatory mechanism might nonetheless be at play in the comorbid group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Categorical and Dimensional Approaches to Examining the Joint Effect of Autism and Schizotypal Personality Disorder on Sustained Attention

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Accumulating evidence for the co-occurrence autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) at both the diagnostic and symptom levels raises important questions about the nature of their association and the effect of their co-occurrence on the individual's phenotype and functional outcome. Research comparing adults with ASD and SPD, as well as the impact of their co-occurrence on outcomes is extremely limited. We investigated executive functioning in terms of response inhibition and sustained attention, candidate endophenotypes of both conditions, in adults with ASD, SPD, comorbid ASD and SPD, and neurotypical adults using both categorical and dimensional approaches.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Categorical and Dimensional Approaches to Examining the Joint Effect of Autism and Schizotypal Personality Disorder on Sustained Attention

et al. 2020

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“…It has previously been argued that similar behavioral outcomes in ASD and SCZ can result from distinct causes, without implying mechanistic differences (Crespi, 2020; Crespi & Badcock, 2008). However, our study supports and extends the growing empirical (Morrison et al, 2017; Sasson et al, 2016, 2007) and theoretical (Pinkham & Sasson, 2020; Sasson et al, 2011) literature that argues, in contrast, there may be different mechanisms within ASD and SCZ that lead to similar behavioral outcomes. Indeed, our results show that despite both showing worse performance on affective ToM in both ASD and SCZ compared with TD, only the ASD group seems to show face recognition as a mechanism underlying difficulty with affective ToM.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Face perception predicts affective theory of mind in autism spectrum disorder but not schizophrenia or typical development.

Altschuler¹,

Trevisan²,

Wolf³

et al. 2021

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SCZ) have overlapping symptomatology related to difficulties with social cognition. Yet, few studies have directly compared social cognition in ASD, SCZ, and typical development (TD). The current study examined individual differences in face recognition and its relation to affective theory of mind (ToM) in each diagnostic group. Adults with ASD (n = 31), SCZ (n = 43), and TD (n = 47) between the ages of 18 and 48 years-old with full scale IQ above 80 participated in this study. The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) measured affective ToM, and the Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT) measured face perception. Adults with ASD and SCZ did not differ in their affective ToM abilities, and both groups showed affective ToM difficulties compared with TD. However, better face recognition ability uniquely predicted better affective ToM ability in ASD. Results suggest that affective ToM difficulties may relate to face processing in ASD but not SCZ. By clarifying the complex nature of individual differences in affective ToM and face recognition difficulties in these disorders, the present study suggests there may be divergent mechanisms underlying pathways to social dysfunction in ASD compared with SCZ.

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“…latent profiles) not identified by the previous approaches of Georgiou (2021aGeorgiou ( , 2021cGeorgiou ( , 2021d). As suggested by previous research concerning the overlap of schizotypal and autistic traits in the domain of social cognition (Barlati et al, 2020;Pinkham & Sasson, 2020), subgroups may be easily differentiated based on psychopathological traits (i.e. there may be significant overlap between those scoring high on autistic and schizotypal traits across latent profiles).…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 95%

Latent profile analysis of schizotypy, autistic traits and conspiracy theory beliefs: Associations with cognitive flexibility and scientific reasoning performance

Georgiou

Delfabbro

Balzan

2022

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology

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Schizotypal and autistic traits have both been implicated in the development of conspiracy theory (CT) beliefs. However, there are both similarities and differences between these traits that may increase an individual’s susceptibility to CT beliefs. Past research has often taken a variable-centred approach which assumes that the relationships among distinct variables (i.e. schizotypy, autistic traits) are homogenous. Given these circumstances, Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to assess the extent to which within-individual variation in schizotypal, autistic traits and associated socio-cognitive tendencies are associated with CT beliefs, cognitive flexibility, and scientific reasoning performance. In a sample of 565 adults, five distinct classes were identified. Those with the lowest clinical scores (Class 1) had the highest scientific reasoning and lowest level of CT beliefs, whilst those with the highest clinical scores (Class 4 and 5), had the lowest scientific reasoning and highest CT belief scores. Further analysis revealed some evidence for mixed groups (e.g. Class 4) in which higher analytical reasoning scores co-occurred with higher CT beliefs, but lower scientific reasoning scores. The results did not provide evidence that higher autistic traits independently predicted CT beliefs, but the results support the view that scientific reasoning appears to better differentiate variation in CT beliefs across groups than differences in analytical reasoning.

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The benefit of directly comparing autism and schizophrenia, revisited

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Categorical and Dimensional Approaches to Examining the Joint Effect of Autism and Schizotypal Personality Disorder on Sustained Attention

Categorical and Dimensional Approaches to Examining the Joint Effect of Autism and Schizotypal Personality Disorder on Sustained Attention

Face perception predicts affective theory of mind in autism spectrum disorder but not schizophrenia or typical development.

Latent profile analysis of schizotypy, autistic traits and conspiracy theory beliefs: Associations with cognitive flexibility and scientific reasoning performance

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