“…Internal control sources attribute event success to personal efforts and characteristics, while external control sources attribute outcomes to luck, chance, or other external factors [11] . Levenson further categorized external control sources into chance and authority control types, with the former leaning towards events being governed by chance and luck, and the latter asserting that event outcomes are influenced by authoritative figures or events [12] .Extensive literature reading and research experiments have revealed a significant correlation between control sources and anxiety and depression, with internal control sources notably negatively predicting depression and anxiety [13,14] . Regardless of whether rumination and depression or anxiety have a regulatory or mediating role [15,16] , the relationship among these three factors is closely interconnected.…”
This study primarily explores the relationship between rumination thinking in high school students and their personality traits and psychological control sources. Utilizing a questionnaire survey method, we randomly distributed surveys to 557 high school students who completed the Rumination Thinking Response Scale, Internal Control, Authority and Opportunity Scale, and China's Big Five Personality Questionnaire. The results revealed significant differences in rumination and its dimensions concerning gender, only-child status, and grade (ps < 0.01). Rumination showed a significant positive correlation with the big five personality, neuroticism, and conscientiousness (ps < 0.01). Additionally, rumination was significantly correlated with psychological control sources, internal control, authority, and opportunity (ps < 0.01). Through a mediation effect test, the mediating effect value of psychological control sources between the big five personality and rumination was found to be 0.048, accounting for 33.80% of the total effect, thus indicating that psychological control sources played a partial mediating role. The study suggests that there are individual differences in rumination thinking among high school students. Schools and parents may consider influencing students' rumination from the perspectives of personality and psychological control sources to enhance positive thinking and contribute to addressing and improving students' psychological well-being.
“…Internal control sources attribute event success to personal efforts and characteristics, while external control sources attribute outcomes to luck, chance, or other external factors [11] . Levenson further categorized external control sources into chance and authority control types, with the former leaning towards events being governed by chance and luck, and the latter asserting that event outcomes are influenced by authoritative figures or events [12] .Extensive literature reading and research experiments have revealed a significant correlation between control sources and anxiety and depression, with internal control sources notably negatively predicting depression and anxiety [13,14] . Regardless of whether rumination and depression or anxiety have a regulatory or mediating role [15,16] , the relationship among these three factors is closely interconnected.…”
This study primarily explores the relationship between rumination thinking in high school students and their personality traits and psychological control sources. Utilizing a questionnaire survey method, we randomly distributed surveys to 557 high school students who completed the Rumination Thinking Response Scale, Internal Control, Authority and Opportunity Scale, and China's Big Five Personality Questionnaire. The results revealed significant differences in rumination and its dimensions concerning gender, only-child status, and grade (ps < 0.01). Rumination showed a significant positive correlation with the big five personality, neuroticism, and conscientiousness (ps < 0.01). Additionally, rumination was significantly correlated with psychological control sources, internal control, authority, and opportunity (ps < 0.01). Through a mediation effect test, the mediating effect value of psychological control sources between the big five personality and rumination was found to be 0.048, accounting for 33.80% of the total effect, thus indicating that psychological control sources played a partial mediating role. The study suggests that there are individual differences in rumination thinking among high school students. Schools and parents may consider influencing students' rumination from the perspectives of personality and psychological control sources to enhance positive thinking and contribute to addressing and improving students' psychological well-being.
In spite of numerous research reports demonstrating the relationship between locus of control (LOC) and academic self-efficacy (ASE) among Muslim students, studies on how faith-based LOC relates to ASE among Muslim students in Nigeria are scarce. This study employed a correlation survey to examine the relationship between faith-based LOC and ASE among Muslim students in Nigeria. The sample comprised university undergraduates (n=124) [71 females and 53males] aged between 18 and 35 years in the federal universities in South East, Nigeria. A purposive sampling procedure was used to get the sample for the study. The researchers adopted two instruments for this study: A 20 item structured Faith-based external LOC Scale (FBLCS) adapted from Rotter (1966). The second instrument is a five-item General Academic Self Efficacy Scale (GASES) adapted from Braun et al. (2021). The instrument was used in measuring students’ ASE. The data analysis in this study was done using version 29 of IBM SPSS. The relationship between the study variables was established using regression analysis while linear regression (t-test) and Hayes’ PROCESS were used to analyze the hypotheses. Result shows that there is a significant positive relationship between faith-based LOC and ASE among Muslim students in Nigeria. Furthermore, result also shows that there is no significant influence of gender on the relationship between faith-based LOC and ASE among Muslim students in Nigeria. It was recommended that teachers and stakeholders in Islamic Education system should strive to incorporate the faith aspect of their LOC into their curriculum for optimal development.
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