“…It has been shown that insomnia is closely related to the hypothalamus and the hippocampus, and extensive hypothalamic damage leads to complete insomnia ( Yamagata et al, 2021 ; Bajaj and Kaur, 2022 ). Previous studies have also shown that when hippocampal cells are damaged and the volume of the hippocampus shrinks to a certain extent, the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time can be reduced ( Forouzanfar et al, 2021 ; Tapp et al, 2022 ). Based on our results, ZSSE can effectively improve and recover the damaged nerve cells in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of insomnious rats.…”
Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F.Chow [Rhamnaceae; Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS)] has attracted extensive attention as the first choice of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of insomnia. However, recent studies on the sleep-improving mechanism of ZSS have mainly focused on the role of single components. Thus, to further reveal the potential mechanism of ZSS, an assessment of its multiple constituents is necessary. In this study, ZSS extract (ZSSE) was obtained from ZSS via detailed modern extraction, separation, and purification technologies. The chemical constituents of ZSSE were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS). For in vivo experiments, a rat model of insomnia induced by p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) was established to investigate the potential effect and corresponding mechanism of ZSSE on improving sleep. Hematoxylin–eosin staining (HE) results revealed that the drug group showed prominent advantages over the model group in improving sleep. Moreover, the brain levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamic acid (Glu), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and dopamine (DA) were monitored via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to further study the sleep-improving mechanism of ZSSE. We found that sleep was effectively improved via upregulation of GABA and 5-HT and downregulation of Glu and DA. In addition, molecular mechanisms of ZSSE in improving sleep were studied by immunohistochemical analysis. The results showed that sleep was improved by regulating the expression levels of GABA receptor subunit alpha-1 (GABAARα1) and GABA acid receptor subunit gamma-2 (GABAARγ2) receptors in the hypothalamus and hippocampus tissue sections. Therefore, this work not only identified the active ingredients of ZSSE but also revealed the potential pharmacological mechanism of ZSSE for improving sleep, which may greatly stimulate the prospective development and application of ZSSE.
“…It has been shown that insomnia is closely related to the hypothalamus and the hippocampus, and extensive hypothalamic damage leads to complete insomnia ( Yamagata et al, 2021 ; Bajaj and Kaur, 2022 ). Previous studies have also shown that when hippocampal cells are damaged and the volume of the hippocampus shrinks to a certain extent, the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time can be reduced ( Forouzanfar et al, 2021 ; Tapp et al, 2022 ). Based on our results, ZSSE can effectively improve and recover the damaged nerve cells in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of insomnious rats.…”
Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F.Chow [Rhamnaceae; Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS)] has attracted extensive attention as the first choice of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of insomnia. However, recent studies on the sleep-improving mechanism of ZSS have mainly focused on the role of single components. Thus, to further reveal the potential mechanism of ZSS, an assessment of its multiple constituents is necessary. In this study, ZSS extract (ZSSE) was obtained from ZSS via detailed modern extraction, separation, and purification technologies. The chemical constituents of ZSSE were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS). For in vivo experiments, a rat model of insomnia induced by p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) was established to investigate the potential effect and corresponding mechanism of ZSSE on improving sleep. Hematoxylin–eosin staining (HE) results revealed that the drug group showed prominent advantages over the model group in improving sleep. Moreover, the brain levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamic acid (Glu), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and dopamine (DA) were monitored via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to further study the sleep-improving mechanism of ZSSE. We found that sleep was effectively improved via upregulation of GABA and 5-HT and downregulation of Glu and DA. In addition, molecular mechanisms of ZSSE in improving sleep were studied by immunohistochemical analysis. The results showed that sleep was improved by regulating the expression levels of GABA receptor subunit alpha-1 (GABAARα1) and GABA acid receptor subunit gamma-2 (GABAARγ2) receptors in the hypothalamus and hippocampus tissue sections. Therefore, this work not only identified the active ingredients of ZSSE but also revealed the potential pharmacological mechanism of ZSSE for improving sleep, which may greatly stimulate the prospective development and application of ZSSE.
“…In addition, according to a recent report, catechin accumulation increased during the day and decreased during the night with an influence on the circadian rhythm regulation (Wang et al, 2021). Furthermore, catechin is also known to be effective in the improvement of cognitive impairment caused by sleep deprivation (Forouzanfar, 2021).…”
Section: Extraction Yield and Polyphenol Contentmentioning
Trees of the Quercus genus are distributed across the southern regions of South Korea including Jeju-do as well as Japan and China. The genus consists of five species: Quercus myrsinifolia, Quercus gilva, Quercus acuta, Quercus glauca, and Quercus salicina . These trees are recognized as the recommen-ded species for afforestation against global warming, while their distribution has extended to the regions in the northern hemisphere due to global warming (Kira, 1991). Among the five species, Q. gilva is mostly planted as a garden tree or used as a material for window frames and handles. In addition, the acorns of the Quercus trees have long been used as an ingredient of acorn jelly for food in the southern regions according to
Tea is popular global beverage and abundant provider of biologically active plant molecules which have been attributed to its health properties. Relationships between tea drinking and certain aspects of health have been the subject of past reviews. The present systematic review focuses on tea consumption in relation to psychological stress and the challenges of stress and anxiety on sleep health. Publications were searched up to 21st September 2022, in the PubMed database along with references of original articles. Thirty-three publications were included in the main review-17 human trials and 16 mechanistic studies. Human trials were graded to assess quality using the Jadad scale. Overall, a growing body of evidence suggests that tea (including green and oolong) and herbal infusions, at relatively low intakes (around 1 to 2 cups daily), could help to facilitate sleep, alleviate psychological stress and anxiety, primarily by facilitating relaxation. Evidence for black tea, German Chamomile, Lavender, Rose, Jasmine, and Passionflower tea is emerging and looks promising. Ongoing research is needed in the form of randomised controlled trials to build on these provisional findings.
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