The behaviour of the carbides of ledeburitic AISI D2 tool steel during multiple hot deformation cycles

Pirtovšek, T. Večko; Kugler, G.; Terčelj, Milan

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2013.06.008

Cited by 55 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The final cast microstructure of AISI M42 ledeburitic steel is compounded by dendrites surrounded by a more-or-less connected net of eutectic carbides. Depending on the chemical composition of the M42 steel and the solidification conditions, either the eutectic metastable M 2 C or the stable M 6 C phase forms 8 25 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During production, the AISI M42 high-speed steel goes through a plastic deformation, which is the result of the forging process at high temperature. During this plastic deformation the eutectic carbides transform to a more stable form and break into smaller and more uniformly shaped carbides 24 25 . Because the large monocrystal M 2 C carbides transform into differently oriented M 6 C carbides, they can be broken down more easily during forging.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface and Bulk Carbide Transformations in High-Speed Steel

Godec

Pirtovšek

Batič

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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We have studied the transformation of carbides in AISI M42 high-speed steels in the temperature window used for forging. The annealing was found to result in the partial transformation of the large, metastable M2C carbides into small, more stable grains of M6C, with an associated change in the crystal orientation. In addition, MC carbides form during the transformation of M2C to M6C. From the high-speed-steel production point of view, it is beneficial to have large, metastable carbides in the cast structure, which later during annealing, before the forging, transform into a structure of polycrystalline carbides. Such carbides can be easily decomposed into several small carbides, which are then randomly distributed in the microstructure. The results also show an interesting difference in the carbide-transformation reactions on the surface versus the bulk of the alloy, which has implications for in-situ studies of bulk phenomena that are based on surface observations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface and Bulk Carbide Transformations in High-Speed Steel

Godec

Pirtovšek

Batič

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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“…[5][6][7] Referring to the scientific literature, it is known that initial deformations at upper temperature limit, as well as final deformations at lower temperature limit of hot working range, are characterized by considerably decreased hot deformability in comparison to temperatures within the mentioned range. [1][2][3][4][8][9][10][11][12][13] The decreased hot deformability at the upper limit is attributed to the characteristics of carbides, i.e., to their type, size, shape, size-and/or spatial-distributions, fraction, melting point of eutectic carbides and/or other phases, etc. Also at lower temperature limit charac-teristics of carbides (i.e., with additionally precipitated secondary carbides) are responsible for pore deformability, where this is related also with the effect of a decreased recrystallization rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving of hot workability and expanding the temperature range of safe hot working for M35 high-speed steel

Peruš¹,

Terčelj²,

Godec³

et al. 2017

Mater. Tehnol.

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Increasing the hot workability and expanding the temperature working range for M35 high-speed steel (HSS) by industrial hot rolling as well as by hot compression tests have been studied and achieved. The types of carbides for as-cast as well as for wrought states were revealed by EBSD and the optimal soaking temperatures for both microstructural states were assessed. The soaking temperature had a decisive influence on the characteristics of carbides that lead to improving the intrinsic hot workability as well as to considerably expanding the temperature range of safe hot working down to 850°C. The apparent activation energy for hot working which amounts 639 kJ/mol as well as constants of the hyperbolic sine constitutive equation for extended temperature range have been calculated. Industrial practice confirms the laboratory results.

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“…High carbon and high chromium cold work tool steels are extensively used in industry because of their excellent hardenability and high wear resistance [1,2]. Typical applications of these tool steels include shear blades, trimming and cutting tools, blanking dies, punches, forming and bending rolls [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of microstructure and thermal properties of as-cast high carbon and high chromium tool steel

et al. 2019

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This work aims to investigate the microstructural and thermal properties of as-cast high carbon and high chromium cold work tool steel. The microstructure was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. It was determined that at room temperature the microstructure of the investigated tool steel includes a lamellar network of M7C3 carbide precipitates along grain boundaries of ferrite grains in the base. Thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the investigated steel alloy were determined in the temperature interval from 25 to 400 °C by using the laser-flash method. Thermal conductivity increases from 24.9 at 25 °C to 26.9 W/m·K at 400 °C. Phase transition temperatures in the temperature region from room temperature to 1250 °C were experimentally determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). One endothermic effect in the temperature interval from 803 to 820 °C, corresponding to the ferrite/austenite phase transformation, was detected during sample heating. Experimental results were compared with the results of phase equilibria calculations obtained from the ThermoCalc software and TCFE6 database.

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The behaviour of the carbides of ledeburitic AISI D2 tool steel during multiple hot deformation cycles

Cited by 55 publications

References 22 publications

Surface and Bulk Carbide Transformations in High-Speed Steel

Surface and Bulk Carbide Transformations in High-Speed Steel

Improving of hot workability and expanding the temperature range of safe hot working for M35 high-speed steel

Study of microstructure and thermal properties of as-cast high carbon and high chromium tool steel

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