The behaviour of liver glycogen in experimental animals

Evans, C. Lovatt; Tsai, Chiao; Young, F. G.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1931.sp002797

Cited by 57 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The results show that there is considerable variation in the distribution of glycogen within the liver under these conditions and that, although the lower values in the series compare favourably with results obtained by other workers in intact animals (Evans, Tsai & Young, 1931;Nys, Aubert & de Duve, 1949), the extent of the variation differs widely, not only between species, but also between individuals of the same species. Consideration of the changes in liver glycogen concentration has therefore been restricted to the changes in the mean concentration in groups of animals of the same species.…”

Section: Control Proceduressupporting

confidence: 83%

The glycogenolytic response to stimulation of the splanchnic nerves in adrenalectomized calves, sheep, dogs, cats and pigs

Edwards¹

1971

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The effects of stimulation of the peripheral ends of one or both splanchnic nerves have been investigated in calves, sheep, dogs, cats and pigs after removal of both adrenal glands.2. Stimulation of both splanchnic nerves produced comparable hyperglycaemic and glycogenolytic effects in sheep, dogs and cats; the mean liver glycogen concentration was reduced by between 7 0 and 10O5 mg/g, five min after stimulation was discontinued, at which time the mean plasma glucose concentration had risen by between 126 and 137 mg/100 ml.3. In five 3-5 week-old calves which were tested under identical conditions the mean liver glycogen concentration was reduced by 13.3 + 1.9 mg/g and the plasma glucose concentration raised by 216 + 1-9 mg/100 ml., 5 min after stimulation was terminated.4. In pigs, stimulation of both splanchnic nerves invariably produced a rise in the plasma glucose concentration, even when the concentration of glycogen in the liver was less than 5 mg/g before stimulation. The response was, nevertheless, considerably smaller in these animals than in any of the other species investigated.5. Splanchnic nerve stimulation also caused a rise in mean aortic blood pressure and blood haematocrit during the period of stimulation; changes of approximately the same order of magnitude were encountered in all five species.6. Dogs were found to resemble calves in that the hyperglycaemic response to stimulation of a single splanchnic nerve did not differ significantly from that obtained when both were stimulated simultaneously; furthermore, either nerve was found to be equally effective.7. In cats the change in plasma glucose concentration in response to stimulation of a single splanchnic nerve was always less than that which occurred in response to bilateral stimulation although comparable changes in blood haematocrit occurred in both groups of animals.8. It is concluded that stimulation of the splanchnic nerves causes break-down of glycogen in the livers of various unrelated species of adult animals but that the magnitude of the hyperglyeaemic response in the young calf provides further evidence of the importance of the sympathetic system in the control of metabolism in the young animal.

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Section: Control Proceduressupporting

confidence: 83%

The glycogenolytic response to stimulation of the splanchnic nerves in adrenalectomized calves, sheep, dogs, cats and pigs

Edwards¹

1971

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Estimations were then carried out as follows. The liver and carcass glycogen content was determined according to the method of Evans, Tsai & Young (1931). The methoxyl content of 4 ml.…”

Section: Synthesis Properties and Estimation Of 3-methyl D-glucopyramentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic studies with 3-methyl glucose. 1. Its fate in the animal body

Campbell

Young

1952

Biochemical Journal

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“…The small decrease in liver glycogen in the course of 10-30 min. after amytal in anaesthetic dose [Evans, Tsai and Young, 1931] could not account for the markedly decreased glyosemic response to ether or chloroform.…”

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confidence: 96%

The adrenals and anæsthetic hyperglycæmia

Banerji¹,

Reid²

1933

The Journal of Physiology

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THE object of this work was to indicate the role of the adrenal glands in increasing the blood sugar p.c. (glyceemic response) during anaesthesia. Elliott [1912] stated that all the ordinary conditions of ansesthesia with ether, chloroform, and urethane were attended by exhaustion of adrenaline. Rogoff and Stewart [1920] from a large series of experiments and Burn [1915] from adrenalectomy experiments during anaesthesia claimed that the hyperglyceamia associated with aneesthetization in cats was not dependent on the adrenals. Macleod [1926] wrote in favour and Evans, Tsai and Young [1931] cited four experiments indicating their connection in the course of their work on liver glycogen. A general objection, however, can be taken to conclusions based entirely on the results of operations on the adrenals, the adrenal medullas or their nerve supply on the ground that the animals so treated were not normal or were largely incapable of showing the usual reactions of intact animals to ansesthetics.METHODS. Three methods were used, operative, indirect and comparative, to determine the glyceemic response to aneesthetics in rabbits fed on the standard laboratory diet. The open method of anaesthetization was preferred. The aim was to select rabbits which took the ansesthetic well, and those animals were discarded which resisted and struggled during one or two trial inductions.Operative method.A series of thirty rabbits of about 1*5 kg. was prepared by two-stage aseptic operations under open etherization which aimed at decreasing or immobilizing the available adrenaline by double adrenalectomy (ten), unilateral adrenalectomy with contra-lateral medulliadrenalectomy or

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The behaviour of liver glycogen in experimental animals

Cited by 57 publications

References 7 publications

The glycogenolytic response to stimulation of the splanchnic nerves in adrenalectomized calves, sheep, dogs, cats and pigs

The glycogenolytic response to stimulation of the splanchnic nerves in adrenalectomized calves, sheep, dogs, cats and pigs

Metabolic studies with 3-methyl glucose. 1. Its fate in the animal body

The adrenals and anæsthetic hyperglycæmia

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