The Behavior of Using Masks during the Coronavirus Disease 19 Pandemic in Malang Regency, Indonesia: Application of Theory of Planned Behavior and Social Support

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The use of masks during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the efforts to prevent its transmission. However, it was found that the behavior of the use of masks in the community is still low. AIM: This study aims to analyze people’s behavior in the use of masks with the theory of planned behavior and social support approach. METHODS: Research using a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted on 90 people in Malang, Indonesia, taken with simple random sampling techniques. Variables measured are behavioral beliefs, evaluation of behavioral outcomes, normative beliefs, motivation to comply, control beliefs, perceived power, attitude, subjective norm, perceived control, intention, family support, peer support, and mask usage behavior. Research instrument is questionnaire. The data were analyzed using a linear regression test. RESULTS: Results showed that the behavior of mask use according to the theory of planned behavior was significantly influenced by perceived power (p < 0.001), normative beliefs (p = 0.019), and intention to perform the behavior (p = 0.041). While in the social support component, peer support obtained a significant effect (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: As an effort to improve the behavior of the use of masks in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to strengthen perceived power, normative beliefs, and intentions accompanied by good peer support so that the community complies with the use of masks for the prevention of transmission.

The new model for medicine distribution by combining of supply chain and expert system using rule-based reasoning method

“…The increasing crude mortality rate [1], oupled with the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the emergence of new variants add to the increasingly long list of bad ones associated with improving people's health and welfare records [2], [3]. This forces the Indonesian government in 2021 to adopt a policy of imposing restrictions on community activities [4]. Facing this phenomenon requires an appropriate step so that the impact can be anticipated properly, one of which is by ensuring the availability of medicines in the community because medicines are one indicator to control and inhibit the rate of increase in morbidity that can lead to death [5].…”