The Behavior of Dry Sliding Wear for Aluminium Bronze Alloy Reinforced by Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ Nanoparticles

Abstract

In this investigation deals with a dry sliding wear of Aluminium bronze alloy reinforced by nanoparticles of α-Al2O3 and Rutile-TiO2. Stir casting method was used by induction furnace to increase wettability between nanoparticles and melting matrix. The copper base alloys reinforced with different percentages of (1.5 and 3 weight percent) of nanoparticles α-Al2O3 and Rutile-TiO2 separately and together. These samples were tested to investigate wear behaviour, using Ball-on-Disc technique, and examined with some variables of wear parameters, such as applied load, and rotational speed with a fixed time of 20 minutes. The Scanning Electron Microscope was used to study the effect of Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles on the topography of worn surfaces of samples. The hardness values were increased to 227.6 Hv after addition equal amounts of 3%wt Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles. The friction coefficient increases to 0.71 when a load of 20 N and it decreases when a rotational speed increases. The wear rate of alloy decreases to (1.38×10-7 g/cm) when added equal amounts of 1.5%wt Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles under the best condition at 20 N, 300 rpm and 20 minutes. While the wear rate becomes (1.17×10-7 g/cm) when adding equal amounts 3wt% of the Al2O3 and TiO2. The microstructure of the worm surface showed the reduction in delamination occurs due to enhancing in the wear resistance of alloys and improve the hardness of alloys by nanoparticles reinforcement.

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“…Wear tests were performed using a block-on-ring wear testing device with 0.2 ms −1 sliding velocity, four different sliding distances (400 -1600 m) and three different loads (10 N, 20 N and 30 N) and it was found that increasing the iron content increases the hardness of aluminium bronze with highest hardness value of 55.74HV observed. Generally, iron and nickel enriched aluminium bronze has lower hardness as compared to aluminium bronze strengthed with nanoparticles, comparing with results from Ajeel et al [85]. However, iron and nickel enriched aluminium bronze has a much lower friction coefficient of 0.02 to 0.04 under approximately similar testing conditions.…”

“…The friction coefficient of aluminium bronze under normal loading and sliding against mild steel is generally within 0.01 to 0.25 under greased or oiled conditions [83,84]. Aluminium bronze alloy is usually strengthened with nanoparticles of aluminium oxide, titanium dioxide [85] or higher composition of iron and nickel [86] as it was found that these oxide dispersions strengthened alloys or iron-nickel enriched copper alloys tend to have higher elevated thermal stability, increased hardness and improved creep resistance which are properties more suitable for dry sliding applications [87,88].…”

“…Ajeel et al [85] have investigated the wear resistance of aluminium bronze alloy (Cu-7.7wt%Al) reinforced by Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 nanoparticles under dry sliding condition on ball-on-disc tribometer and found that microhardness of aluminium bronze alloy (Cu-7.7wt%Al) increases from microhardness value of 166.1HV to 227.6HV with the presence of 3 wt% each of Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 nanoparticles in the alloy matrix with respect to copper composition. In addition, the wear rate of aluminium bronze alloy has decreased from high wear rate of 6.79 × 10 −7 gcm −1 to 1.17 × 10 −7 gcm −1 with the addition of 3 wt% each of Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 nanoparticles under wear testing conditions of 20 N normal force, sliding speed of 0.16 ms −1 , sliding distance of 100 m and 20 min test duration.…”