The Beck Anxiety Inventory: A psychometric analysis.

Hewitt, Paul L.; Norton, G. Ron

doi:10.1037/1040-3590.5.4.408

Cited by 166 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Beck and colleagues (Beck et al 1988) reported high internal consistency (α=0.92), testretest reliability (r=0.75), and good discrimination of anxiety disorders from nonanxiety disorders over 1 week. The psychometric properties of the BAI have been further supported in clinical and nonclinical samples (Clark et al 1994;Hewitt and Norton 1993;Steer et al 1993). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Responses to Script-Driven Imagery Scale (RSDI): Assessment of State Posttraumatic Symptoms for Psychobiological and Treatment Research

Hopper

Frewen

Sack

et al. 2007

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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Studies of PTSD employing symptom provocation have seldom included self-report measures of the symptoms provoked. Doing so could benefit psychobiological research by improving diagnostic discrimination and capturing the heterogeneity of responses to scriptdriven imagery, and treatment research by complementing existing outcome measures. This paper describes the initial development and psychometric properties of the Responses to Script-Driven Imagery Scale (RSDI), a brief self-report measure of state PTSD and dissociative symptoms evoked by script-driven imagery, a widely used symptom provocation method in PTSD research. Across three samples and three variants of the script-driven imagery paradigm, confirmatory factor analysis fit a hypothesized and sample-invariant three-factor structure for the RSDI, composed of reexperiencing, avoidance, and dissociative symptoms. Subscales exhibited acceptable to high internal consistency reliabilities, and construct validity evidence was strong and consistent with predictions. The RSDI shows promise as a tool for psychobiological and treatment outcome research on PTSD.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Responses to Script-Driven Imagery Scale (RSDI): Assessment of State Posttraumatic Symptoms for Psychobiological and Treatment Research

Hopper

Frewen

Sack

et al. 2007

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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“…The questionnaires included a measure of personality e the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (five factors: sociability, neuroticism, activity, impulsive sensation seeking, aggression; Zuckerman et al, 1993); a measure of emotion regulation e the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (two factors: cognitive reappraisal and emotional suppression; Gross and John, 2003); baseline measures of depression and anxiety levels e Beck's Depression Inventory (Beck and Steer, 1984;Beck et al, 1988b) and Beck's Anxiety Inventory (Beck et al, 1988a;Hewitt and Norton, 1993); an inventory of health risk behaviors including questions from the alcohol use disorders identification test (Saunders et al, 1993), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's youth risk behavior survey regarding tobacco use (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009), and the Driving Behavior Questionnaire (Parker et al, 1995) as well as a question regarding Army Substance Abuse Program (ASAP) referral; a measure of risk propensity e the Evaluation of Risks Questionnaire (EVAR-English version; three factors: need-for-control, selfconfidence, risk/thrill seeking; Sicard et al, 2001;Killgore et al, 2006); and a measure of perceived invincibility, the Invincibility Belief Index (IBI; total invincibility belief score and three factors: adroitness, impunity, boldness; Killgore et al, 2010). Additionally, participants completed a measure of behavioral risk-taking e the Balloon Analog Risk Task (Lejuez et al, 2002); and a behavioral decision making task incorporating uncertainty, reward, and punishment ethe Iowa Gambling Task (Bechara et al, 1997(Bechara et al, , 2001(Bechara et al, , 2000.…”

Section: Surveys and Outcome Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk propensity and health risk behaviors in U.S. army soldiers with and without psychological disturbances across the deployment cycle

Kelley

Athy

Cho

et al. 2012

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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a b s t r a c tAnecdotal and preliminary evidence suggests that Soldiers returning from a combat deployment engage in an increased number of health risk behaviors. Three potential factors driving this change were examined in this study; posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), concussion and traumatic brain injury (TBI), and perceived invincibility. We studied members of a combat arms brigade one month prior to a deployment to Iraq and approximately one month after their return (N ¼ 319). Participants anonymously completed surveys characterizing attitudes about risk, risk propensity, invincibility, engagement in health risk behaviors, and personality. Using standardized screening instruments, participants were categorized with respect to PTSD and probable TBI. Results suggest that Soldiers engage in more alcohol use and reckless driving behaviors post-deployment. These changes were exaggerated in those who screened positive for PTSD. Perception of one's invincibility and survival skills increased postdeployment thus suggesting that participants felt less susceptible to adverse consequences and more adept at surviving dangerous situations. This study provides documentation of the pattern of health behavior in Soldiers engaged in the deployment cycle. Our findings suggest increases in the number of risks Soldiers' engage in post-deployment are not limited to those with PTSD symptomtotology. This study has implications for not only adjustment to life post-deployment at the individual level but also operational readiness.Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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“…This measure exhibits adequate levels of reliability to assess pain in non-cancer samples, with coefficient alphas of .70 and above, also evidences good concurrent validity with other generic pain measures, and has been shown to be sensitive to changes in pain status over time (Keller et al, 2004). Norton, 1993;Steer, Clark, Beck & Ranieri, 1995). Factor analysis of the BAI and BDI yielded a first-order factor labeled anxiety that had salient loadings for all 21 items on the BAI, but only one item on the BDI.…”

Section: Beck Depression Inventory (Bdi-ii)-because Depression Is Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)-Anxiety symptoms were measured with the BAI, a 21-item self-report measure with established and replicated construct validity (Hewitt & Norton, 1993;Steer, Clark, Beck & Ranieri, 1995). Factor analysis of the BAI and BDI yielded a first-order factor labeled anxiety that had salient loadings for all 21 items on the BAI, but only one item on the BDI.…”

Section: Beck Depression Inventory (Bdi-ii)-because Depression Is Thementioning

confidence: 99%

The Associations Between Basal Salivary Cortisol and Illness Symptomatology in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Torres-Harding

Sorenson

Jason

et al. 2008

J Appl Biobehavioral Res

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Hypocortisolism has been reported in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), with the significance of this finding to disease etiology unclear. This study examined cortisol levels and their relationships with symptoms in a group of 108 individuals with CFS. CFS symptoms examined included fatigue, pain, sleep difficulties, neurocognitive functioning, and psychiatric status. Alterations in cortisol levels were examined by calculation of mean daily cortisol, while temporal variation in cortisol function was examined by means of a regression slope. Additionally, deviation from expected cortisol diurnal pattern was determined via clinical judgment. Results indicated that fatigue and pain were associated with salivary cortisol levels. In particular, variance from the expected pattern of cortisol was associated with increased levels of fatigue. The implications of these findings are discussed.Keywords salivary cortisol; chronic fatigue syndrome; cognitive functioning; pain; fatigue Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness characterized by severe, disabling fatigue that is not alleviated with rest, and by flu-type symptoms including sore throats, muscle pain, joint pain, headaches, memory/concentration difficulties, unrefreshing sleep, and postexertional malaise (Fukuda, et al. 1994). The causes of CFS are currently unknown, and, as of yet, no clear diagnostic marker for this illness has emerged. Physiological studies have suggested the presence of dysfunction in the immune, endocrine, and neurological systems, NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript and researchers have found numerous abnormalities in these systems. However, many of these physiological abnormalities have not been replicated across studies, and a confusing picture still exists regarding the pathophysiology of this illness. Most recently, it has been suggested that individuals with CFS constitute a heterogeneous population, and little progress in clearly delineating the physiology of this illness may have resulted because of the presence of distinct subgroups within this larger umbrella diagnosis (Jason, Corradi, Torres-Harding, Taylor, & King, 2005).However, some abnormalities have been more consistently reported in the literature as affecting a subset of individuals with CFS. One finding frequently reported is a dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, (HPA) with resulting hypocortisolism (Addington, 2000;Cleare, 2003). Cortisol, a glucocorticoid, is the major end product of the HPA axis and is involved in regulation of several bodily systems. Some researchers have noted that approximately 20-25% of individuals with CFS and related disorders such as fibromyalgia or post-traumatic stress disorder have exhibited hypocortisolism and downregulation of the HPA axis (Fries, Hesse, Hellhammer, & Hellhammer, 2005). Cleare (2003), in a review of the literature examining HPA dysfunction in CFS, found that many, but not all, studies of cortisol in CFS found lower levels of baseline cortisol and changes in sen...

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The Beck Anxiety Inventory: A psychometric analysis.

Cited by 166 publications

References 32 publications

The Responses to Script-Driven Imagery Scale (RSDI): Assessment of State Posttraumatic Symptoms for Psychobiological and Treatment Research

The Responses to Script-Driven Imagery Scale (RSDI): Assessment of State Posttraumatic Symptoms for Psychobiological and Treatment Research

Risk propensity and health risk behaviors in U.S. army soldiers with and without psychological disturbances across the deployment cycle

The Associations Between Basal Salivary Cortisol and Illness Symptomatology in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

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