The beam lines design for the CERN neutrino platform in the CERN north area and an outlook on their expected performance

First calorimetric energy reconstruction of beam events with ARAPUCA light detector in protoDUNE-SP

“…Information from the beam line instrumentation [4] combined with liquid argon TPC information (based on Pandora automated event pattern recognition [6]), provides an event-by-event particle identification and momentum measurement. The beam line spectrometer resolution has been extrapolated from Monte Carlo simulation [5] and a value of ∆p/p 2.5% has been determined. Figure 1 shows beam electron energy distribution (left) and the corresponding photon detected spectra1 (right) for the seven runs at the nominal beam momentum values given above.…”

“…the quadratic fit gives a non-negligible value for the second order parameter (q 2 = 1.1±0.6 Ph/GeV 2 , figure 2 right). Moreover, from the H4-VLE beamline studies [4] and MC [5] simulations, beam electrons are expected to lose on average 10 − 20 MeV in the material in the portion of the beamline downstream the spectrometer and an additional ∼ 20-30 MeV while crossing the material inside the cryostat from the end of the beam pipe to the active volume of the TPC (cryostat insulation and membrane, beam tube and a thin LAr layer). The non-zero (negative) y-intercept provides a direct observation of energy loss in the incident electron beam, whose budget, given by the linear fit, seems overestimated when compared to MC expectation.…”

Particle production, transport, and identification in the regime of 1−7 GeV/c

“…The resolution of this spectrometer is limited by the spatial resolution of the XBPFs. Given the fiber width of 1 mm, the resolution of the spectrometer has been calculated with Monte Carlo simulations to be equal to approximately 2.5 % [28].…”

Low energy tertiary beam line design for the CERN neutrino platform project

“…The secondary target is typically a solid rod, whose length and radius and material have been optimized to satisfy the experimental requirements for the particle rate and composition, as described in detail in Refs. [10,13] and summarized in Table II below. More specifically, for hadron beams, a copper target of 30 mm radius and 30 cm length (for momenta in the range of ½4-12 GeV=c) and a solid tungsten target (for momenta in the range of ½0.4-3 GeV=c) have been chosen for H2-VLE.…”

“…Detailed analysis, discussion on the results from the simulation studies concerning the VLE beam composition as well as the simulated trigger rate of the experiments is presented in Ref. [10]. Highlights of the key findings demonstrating the VLE beam performance for hadron beams is presented in the following paragraphs.…”