Low energy tertiary beam line design for the CERN neutrino platform project

Charitonidis, N.; Efthymiopoulos, I.

doi:10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.20.111001

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…As discussed in Ref. [7], low energy particles are produced via a secondary beam with a momentum of 80 GeV=c, which is generated in the existing T2 target and transported for ∼600 m through the H4 beam line towards a secondary target. The design of the tertiary beam line after this target had to satisfy the following stringent requirements: (a) relatively short length (to limit the amount of pion and kaon decays upstream of the experiment) (b) large bending angles (to avoid the high-energy background reaching the experiment), and (c) large angular acceptance (at least in the order of 50 mm mrad), in order to assure sufficient rate for the experiment.…”

Section: A Optics and Target Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bending magnets of the H4-VLE beam line are tilted by 56.75°clockwise, and the quadrupoles by 33.25°c ounterclockwise (for reasons discussed in Ref. [7]). At the same time, the short length of the beam line prohibits the installation of any corrector magnet.…”

Section: B Misalignments Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to satisfy these requirements, a new tertiary branch of the existing H4 beam line was designed during 2017 with the installation and commissioning to take place in 2018. The layout and optics design principles of these new beam lines have been reported elsewhere [7]. The conceptual design of the beam line involves a medium-energy, medium-intensity (10 6 particles per 4.8 seconds spill) secondary beam of 80 GeV=c produced in the T2 "primary" target and transported to impinge on a "secondary" target.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particle production, transport, and identification in the regime of 1−7 GeV/c

Booth

Charitonidis

Chatzidaki

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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The recently constructed H4-VLE beam line, a tertiary extension branch of the existing H4 beam line in the CERN North Area, was commissioned in October 2018. The beam line was designed with the purpose of providing very low energy (VLE) hadrons and positrons to the NP-04 experiment, in the momentum range of 1-7 GeV=c. The production of these low-energy particles is achieved with a mixed hadron (pions, kaons, protons), 80 GeV=c secondary beam impinging on a thick target. The H4-VLE beam line has been instrumented with prototype scintillating fiber detectors providing the beam profile, intensity, and time-offlight measurement of the beam particles, that, together with Cherenkov threshold counters, permit an event-by-event particle identification over the entire momentum spectrum. In this paper, we present detailed results of the beam line performance and the measured beam composition, as well as the comparison of these measurements with simulations performed during the design phase using FLUKA and GEANT-4-based Monte-Carlo codes.

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Section: A Optics and Target Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Misalignments Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Particle production, transport, and identification in the regime of 1−7 GeV/c

Booth

Charitonidis

Chatzidaki

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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“…However, when the beam particles have low momenta (a few GeV/ c or less), such as in CERN’s future Neutrino Platform Facility [4], a radiator gas of high refractive index is required. R-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) has been used in low-momentum threshold Cherenkov detectors; Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidates to replace R-12 as a radiator gas in Cherenkov detectors

Harvey¹,

Paulechka²,

Egan³

2018

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) has been widely used as a radiator gas in pressure threshold Cherenkov detectors for high-energy particle physics. However, that compound is becoming unavailable due to the Montreal Protocol. To find a replacement with suitably high refractive index, we use a combination of theory and experiment to examine the polarizability and refractivity of several non-ozone-depleting compounds. Our measurements show that the fourth-generation refrigerants R-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) and R-1234ze(E) (-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) have sufficient refractivity to replace R-12 in this application. If the slight flammability of these compounds is a problem, two nonflammable alternatives are R-218 (octafluoropropane), which has a high Global Warming Potential, and R-13I1 (trifluoroiodomethane), which has low Ozone Depletion Potential and Global Warming Potential but may not be sufficiently inert.

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“…'H2-VLE' (and similarly'H4-VLE') constitute extensions of approximately 40 meters to the existing infrastructure of the H2 (H4) beam lines in the SPS North Area Complex [1]. In each case, the low energy particles are produced by the interaction of a secondary beam of medium intensity ($10 6 per spill) and momentum ($60-80 GeV/c) in a secondary target material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the R134a gas refractive index for use as a Cherenkov radiator, using a high energy charged particle beam

Charitonidis

Karyotakis

Gatignon

2017

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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a b s t r a c tGases with relatively high refractive index, n À 1 ! 500 Â 10 À6 at atmospheric pressure, giving a satisfactory photoelectron yield at relatively low pressures ( 5bar) are rare. These gases are often the only practical solution for low momentum particle identification in conventional secondary beam lines. The refractive index of R134a, one of the most common gases available to the physics community, has never been measured or reported. In the present note, the results of a dedicated experiment to estimate the refractive index of R134a, using mixed hadron/electron beams in the range 0.5-10 GeV are presented.

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Low energy tertiary beam line design for the CERN neutrino platform project

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Particle production, transport, and identification in the regime of 1−7 GeV/c

Particle production, transport, and identification in the regime of 1−7 GeV/c

Candidates to replace R-12 as a radiator gas in Cherenkov detectors

Estimation of the R134a gas refractive index for use as a Cherenkov radiator, using a high energy charged particle beam

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